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The Life Informatic
News journalism is in the midst of radical transformation brought about by the spread of digital information and communication technology and the rise of neoliberalism. What does it look like, however, from the inside of a news organization? InThe Life Informatic, Dominic Boyer offers the first anthropological ethnography of contemporary office-based news journalism. The result is a fascinating account of journalists struggling to maintain their expertise and authority, even as they find their principles and skills profoundly challenged by ever more complex and fast-moving streams of information.
Boyer conducted his fieldwork inside three news organizations in Germany (a world leader in digital journalism) supplemented by extensive interviews in the United States. His findings challenge popular and scholarly images of journalists as roving truth-seekers, showing instead the extent to which sedentary office-based \"screenwork\" (such as gathering and processing information online) has come to dominate news journalism. To explain this phenomenon Boyer puts forth the notion of \"digital liberalism\"-a powerful convergence of technological and ideological forces over the past two decades that has rebalanced electronic mediation from the radial (or broadcast) tendencies of the mid-twentieth century to the lateral (or peer-to-peer) tendencies that dominate in the era of the Internet and social media. Under digital liberalism an entire regime of media, knowledge, and authority has become integrated around liberal principles of individuality and publicity, both unmaking and remaking news institutions of the broadcast era. Finally, Boyer offers some scenarios for how news journalism will develop in the future and discusses how other intellectual professionals, such as ethnographers, have also become more screenworkers than fieldworkers.
eBook
Democracy's detectives : the economics of investigative journalism
Investigative reporting generates new information about important issues that someone is trying to keep secret. Impacts of this journalism can be high. Yet the costs of discovering and telling these stories may also be significant. Democracy's Detectives uses economic theories of information to explain both how institutions breakdown in predictable ways and how journalists find and reveal which programs, products, and people go astray. The book analyzes the market for investigative reporting by examining more than 12,000 prize competition entries from 1979 to 2010 in the annual awards contest of Investigative Reporters and Editors. The results show what these investigative works in the United States uncovered and their impacts, and how the investigations were conducted and financially supported. Case studies of several investigative series demonstrate that each dollar invested in a story can yield hundreds of dollars in policy benefits. Examining the work of a Pulitzer prize-winning reporter shows how a single journalist over four decades generated more than 150 investigations that led to changes, including the passage of thirty-one state laws. Many valuable accountability stories go untold because media outlets bear the costs of reporting while the benefits spillover onto those who don't read or watch these investigations. Computational journalism may improve the economics of investigative reporting in two ways: lowering the cost of finding stories through better use of data and algorithms, and telling stories in more personalized and engaging ways. While breakdowns in institutions are inevitable, the combination of computation and journalism offers an expanded set of people new ways to hold those in power accountable and serve as democracy's detectives.-- Provided by publisher
Book
De-duplication of database search results for systematic reviews in EndNote
When conducting exhaustive searches for systematic reviews, information professionals search multiple databases with overlapping content. They typically remove duplicate records to reduce the reviewers' workload associated with screening titles and abstracts; sometimes the reviewers remove the duplicates. Several articles have been published recently on de-duplication methods. In the authors' opinion, these methods are either very time consuming or impractical, as they require uploading large files to an online platform. A recent overview article compared existing software programs but found that none was truly satisfactory. Unique identifiers for journal articles are digital object identifiers (DOIs) and PubMed IDs (PMIDs). However, these identifiers are not present in every database. When they are present, they often cannot be exported easily. Thus, they cannot be relied upon to identify duplicates. An alternative involves using pagination, because the often large page numbers in scientific journals, in combination with other fields, can serve as a type of unique identifier.
Journal Article
Mobile Screens
Nanna Verhoeff’s new book is a must for anybody interested in visual culture and media theory. It offers a rich and stimulating theoretical account of the central dimension of our contemporary existence – interfacing and navigating both data and physical world through a variety of screens (game consoles, mobile phones, car interfaces, GPS devices, etc.) In the process of exploring these new screen practices, Verhoeff offers fresh perspectives on many of the key questions in media and new media studies as well as a number of new original theoretical concepts. As the first theoretical manual for the society of mobile screens, this book will become an essential reference for all future investigations of our mobile screen condition. – Lev Manovich
Deze studie geeft een terugblik op vormen van schermmedia; van het negentiende-eeuwse panorama en het begin van de film, via snelwegpanorama's, schermen op straat, naar touchscreen-kunstinstallaties, draagbare spelcomputers en smartphones van vandaag de dag. Hoe kunnen we deze nieuwe technologieen bestuderen, in het licht van de voorgangers die ze hebben? Mobile Screens biedt een methodologisch voorstel van aanpak. Met een historisch-vergelijkend, theoretisch perspectief worden de intersecties tussen mobiliteit en visualiteit uitgewerkt aan de hand van een reeks case studies. Het boek vertelt ons hoe we omgaan met schermen en hoe deze als interfaces ruimtelijke, temporele en haptische ervaringen mogelijk maken: principes van navigatie vormen een visueel 'format' dat ons denken stuurt. Hoe sturen principes van navigatie onze ervaringen met hedendaagse schermmedia?
eBook
Word2vec convolutional neural networks for classification of news articles and tweets
Big web data from sources including online news and Twitter are good resources for investigating deep learning. However, collected news articles and tweets almost certainly contain data unnecessary for learning, and this disturbs accurate learning. This paper explores the performance of word2vec Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify news articles and tweets into related and unrelated ones. Using two word embedding algorithms of word2vec, Continuous Bag-of-Word (CBOW) and Skip-gram, we constructed CNN with the CBOW model and CNN with the Skip-gram model. We measured the classification accuracy of CNN with CBOW, CNN with Skip-gram, and CNN without word2vec models for real news articles and tweets. The experimental results indicated that word2vec significantly improved the accuracy of the classification model. The accuracy of the CBOW model was higher and more stable when compared to that of the Skip-gram model. The CBOW model exhibited better performance on news articles, and the Skip-gram model exhibited better performance on tweets. Specifically, CNN with word2vec models was more effective on news articles when compared to that on tweets because news articles are typically more uniform when compared to tweets.
Journal Article
Innovators in Digital News
News organisations are struggling with technology transitions and fearful for their future. Yet some organisations are succeeding. Why are organisations such as Vice and BuzzFeed investing in journalism and why are pedigree journalists joining them? Why are news organisations making journalists redundant but recruiting technologists? Why does everyone seem to be embracing native advertising? Why are some news organisations more innovative than others? Drawing on extensive first-hand research this book explains how different international media organisations approach digital news and pinpoints the common organisational factors that help build their success.
eBook
How do people judge the credibility of algorithmic sources?
The exponential growth of algorithms has made establishing a trusted relationship between human and artificial intelligence increasingly important. Algorithm systems such as chatbots can play an important role in assessing a user’s credibility on algorithms. Unless users believe the chatbot’s information is credible, they are not likely to be willing to act on the recommendation. This study examines how literacy and user trust influence perceptions of chatbot information credibility. Results confirm that algorithmic literacy and users’ trust play a pivotal role in how users form perceptions of the credibility of chatbot messages and recommendations. Insights on how user trust is related to credibility provide a useful perspective on the conceptualization of algorithmic credibility. Algorithmic information processing that has been identified provides better foundations for algorithm design and development and a stronger basis for the design of sense-making chatbot journalism.
Journal Article