Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
265
result(s) for
"Jumping spiders."
Sort by:
The shocking secret of the electric eel... and more!
Tag along with scientists as they uncover intriguing adaptations that help animals survive in their environments. Discover the electric eels hunting tactics and an unexpected defense strategy, why some fish sleep in mucous cocoons, how jumping spiders hear from across a room, what the shape of a European eels head reveals about its diet, and why midshipman fish sing only at night.
Book
First report of Psecas euoplus Chamberlin amp; Ivie, 1936 from Colombia, with new salticid records for the department of C oacute;rdoba (Araneae, Salticidae)
Psecas euoplus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 is recorded for the first time from Colombia. In addition, the known distribution of the species Lyssomanes amazonicus G.W. Peckham, E.G. Peckham & Wheeler, 1889, Lyssomanes bitaeniatus G.W. Peckham, E.G. Peckham & Wheeler, 1889, Lyssomanes remotus G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1896, and Sarinda armata (G.W. Peckham & E.G. Peckham, 1892), are extended to the department of Córdoba. We provide descriptions of the species reported here as well as images and drawings of both type material and our new records.
Journal Article
Compact single-shot metalens depth sensors inspired by eyes of jumping spiders
Jumping spiders (Salticidae) rely on accurate depth perception for predation and navigation. They accomplish depth perception, despite their tiny brains, by using specialized optics. Each principal eye includes a multitiered retina that simultaneously receives multiple images with different amounts of defocus, and from these images, distance is decoded with relatively little computation. We introduce a compact depth sensor that is inspired by the jumping spider. It combines metalens optics, which modifies the phase of incident light at a subwavelength scale, with efficient computations to measure depth from image defocus. Instead of using a multitiered retina to transduce multiple simultaneous images, the sensor uses a metalens to split the light that passes through an aperture and concurrently form 2 differently defocused images at distinct regions of a single planar photosensor. We demonstrate a system that deploys a 3-mm-diameter metalens to measure depth over a 10-cm distance range, using fewer than 700 floating point operations per output pixel. Compared with previous passive depth sensors, our metalens depth sensor is compact, single-shot, and requires a small amount of computation. This integration of nanophotonics and efficient computation brings artificial depth sensing closer to being feasible on millimeter-scale, microwatts platforms such as microrobots and microsensor networks.
Journal Article
New species of Habronattus and Pellenes jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Harmochirina)
The harmochirine jumping spiders include the New World
, notable for their complex courtship displays, and
, found throughout the Old World and North America. Five new species of
and one new species of
are here described from North America:
,
,
,
,
,
, and
For each of the new species, photographs of living specimens are given, as well as notes on habitat. The new subgenus Pellenattus is described for the subgroup of
restricted to North America, with type species
Emerton, 1925. Species placed in Pellenes (Pellenattus) are
Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955,
,
Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955,
(Banks, 1898b),
Chamberlin 1925,
Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955,
Peckham & Peckham, 1901,
Emerton, 1913,
Emerton, 1925,
Gertsch, 1934, and
Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955.
Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955 is synonymized with
. Attention is drawn to an undescribed species of
from Canada whose only known specimen is apparently lost.
Journal Article
A new species of Nigorella Wesołowska amp; Tomasiewicz, 2008 (Araneae, Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from Guangxi, China
The genus Nigorella Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 currently contains nine species, four of which are found in Africa and five in Asia (four in China and one in Thailand). The four Chinese species and their distribution in China are as follows: Nigorella hirticeps (Song & Chai, 1992), in Hunan and Hubei; N. mengla Lin & Li, 2020, in Yunnan; N. orientalis (Song & Chai, 1992), in Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou; and N. sichuanensis (Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993), in Sichuan.A new species of Nigorella is described, based on both sexes (two male and four female specimens) from the Huaping National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China: Nigorella huaping Liu & Zhang, sp. nov.
Journal Article
A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
The classification of jumping spiders (Salticidae) is revised to bring it into accord with recent phylogenetic work. Of the 610 recognized extant and fossil genera, 588 are placed at least to subfamily, most to tribe, based on both molecular and morphological information. The new subfamilies Onomastinae, Asemoneinae, and Eupoinae, and the new tribes Lapsiini, Tisanibini, Neonini, Mopsini, and Nannenini, are described. A new unranked clade, the Simonida, is recognized. Most other family-group taxa formerly ranked as subfamilies are given new status as tribes or subtribes. The large long-recognized clade recently called the Salticoida is ranked as a subfamily, the Salticinae, with the name Salticoida reassigned to its major subgroup (the sister group to the Amycoida). Heliophaninae Petrunkevitch and Pelleninae Petrunkevitch are considered junior synonyms of Chrysillini Simon and Harmochirina Simon respectively. Spartaeinae Wanless and Euophryini Simon are preserved despite older synonyms. The genus Meata Żabka is synonymized with Gedea Simon, and Diagondas Simon with Carrhotus Thorell. The proposed relationships indicate that a strongly ant-like body has evolved at least 12 times in salticids, and a strongly beetle-like body at least 8 times. Photographs of living specimens of all 7 subfamilies, 30 tribes, and 13 subtribes are presented.
Journal Article
Two new jumping spider species of the Habronattus clypeatus group (Araneae, Salticidae, Harmochirina)
Two species of the
species group are described,
from Texas and Colorado, and
from New Mexico.
males have extravagant ornamentation: a green first leg with an unusually dense lateral fringe of orange and white hairs, and a large grey triangular patella on the third leg with blue-white scales nearby.
males are considerably more muted, lacking ornamentation on the third leg's patella and tibia. Photographs of living specimens are given, as well as notes on habitat.
Journal Article
Estimating predator functional responses using the times between prey captures
Predator functional responses describe predator feeding rates and are central to predator–prey theory. Ecologists have measured thousands of predator functional responses using the same basic experimental method. However, this design is ill-suited to address many current questions regarding functional responses. We derive a new experimental design and statistical analysis that quantifies functional responses using the times between a predators’ feeding events requiring only one or a few trials. We examine the feasibility of the experimental method and analysis using simulations to assess the ability of the statistical model to estimate functional response parameters and perform a proof-of-concept experiment estimating the functional responses of two individual jumping spiders. Our simulations show that the statistical method reliably estimates functional response parameters. Our proof-of-concept experiment illustrates that the method provides reasonable estimates of functional response parameters. By virtue of the fewer number of trials required to measure a functional response, the method derived here promises to expand the questions that can be addressed using functional response experiments and the systems in which they can be measured. Thus, we hope that our method will refine our understanding of functional responses and predator–prey interactions more generally.
Journal Article
Chromosomal analyses of Salticinae and Lyssomaninae reveal a broad occurrence of the 2n♂ = 28, X.sub.1 X.sub.2 0 karyotype within Salticidae
Brazil possesses the richest fauna of Salticidae in the world, including 560 species; however, no representative of the Brazilian fauna has been cytogenetically analyzed up to now. It has been demonstrated that karyotype data are a useful source for discussions on the phylogeny and chromosome differentiation of some salticid lineages. In this work, the first chromosome study of salticid species from Brazil is presented, with the addition of five genera to the 38 previously investigated worldwide. The analysis of mitotic and/or meiotic cells revealed 2n♂ = 28, [X.sub.1] [X.sub.2] 0 in Asaracus sp., Coryphasia sp., Chira sp., Frigga quintensis (Tullgren, 1905), and Lyssomanes pauper Mello-Leitao, 1945. This karyotype constitution is the most common for Salticidae, occurring in species of distinct clades. The diploid number 2n ♀ = 28 observed in Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) is unexpected, differing in one autosomal pair from the karyotype previously registered for males of the same species. The cytogenetic information reported here reinforces the wide occurence of 2n ♂ = 28, [X.sub.1] [X.sub.2] 0 within Salticidae, including species belonging to different clades and biogeographical regions. This karyotype is a shared character of Salticidae + Philodromidae, found exclusively in these families within Dionycha, suggesting its sister relationship already proposed in the literature.
Journal Article
A new genus and nine species of jumping spiders from Hainan Island, China
 A new genus and eight new species of jumping spiders from Hainan Island, China are reported. Pengmarengo gen. nov. is erected to accommodate the type species P. yangi sp. nov. (ââ). Further Pengmarengo gen. nov. species including P. chelifer (Simon, 1990), comb. nov. (transferred from Philates Simon, 1900), P. elongata (Peng & Li, 2002), comb. nov. (transferred from Tauala Wanless, 1988), and two species transferred from Indomarengo Benjamin, 2004: P. yui (Wang & Li, 2020), comb. nov. , and P. wengnan (Wang & Li, 2022), comb. nov. Another seven new jumping spider species are described from Hainan: Irura liae sp. nov. (â), I. mii sp. nov. (ââ), Marengo ganae sp. nov. (ââ), M. zhengi sp. nov. (ââ), Nungia tangi sp. nov. (ââ), Philates zhoui sp. nov. (ââ), and Toxeus hainan sp. nov. (ââ). The unknown female of the endemic species, Irura pengi Guo, Zhang & Zhu, 2011 is also described for the first time. Keywords: Morphology, new combination, new taxa, rainforest, salticid, taxonomy
Journal Article