Explore the vast range of titles available.

Juniperus sabina L., a species within the Juniperus genus, is broadly distributed across Southern Europe and Central Asia. In China, its berries, branches, and leaves are traditionally employed in Uyghur medicine to address conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, itchy skin, tinnitus, deafness, and urinary discomfort. Notably, the plant’s primary bioactive constituents are terpenoids, lignans, and flavonoids. Contemporary pharmacological studies have revealed that J. sabina exhibits a range of bioactivities, including insecticidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. These diverse therapeutic properties can be attributed to its rich chemical profile, which comprises 279 distinct compounds such as terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, and others, isolated to date. This comprehensive review systematically organizes and summarizes the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, toxicity, limitations, and future prospects of J. sabina. It aims to offer a valuable scientific reference and fresh perspectives for further research, development, and application of this plant.

Juniperus sabina L. is used in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system to prevent or treat various diseases. However, only the leaves and branches are used as medicinal parts. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical characteristics of different tissues (leaves, branches, stems, and roots) of J. sabina at different ages by HPLC-MS and to evaluate the biological activity (enzyme inhibition, anti-drug-resistant bacteria). Total phenol (TPC) and total lignan (TLC) contents in J. sabina were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. High levels of total phenols (87.16 mg GAE/g dry weight) and total lignans (491.24 mg PPT/g dry weight) were detected in fifteen annual J. sabina roots and current year leaves, respectively. Eleven compounds, of which six were phenolic compounds and five were lignans, were identified and quantified by HPLC/HPLC-MS. Statistical analysis showed that the distribution and content of the detected compounds showed considerable variation among ages and tissues, and that the current year leaves of fifteen annual J. sabina could be used as a potential application site for the source of podophyllotoxin. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was found to be the highest on the extracts of fifteen annual J. sabina current year leaves (47.37 μg/mL), while the highest inhibition towards butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was observed for the extracts of seven annual J. sabina previous year leaves (136.3 μg/mL). And the second annual J. sabina current year stem’s extracts showed the best antidiabetic activity (anti-α-glucosidase, 62.59 μg/mL). In addition, the extracts of fifteen annual J. sabina roots (47.37 μg/mL) showed the highest anti-MRSA activity (31.25 μg/mL). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted to clarify the factors affecting the biological activity of J. sabina , and its results showed that epicatechin and matairesinol showed positive promotion. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the chemical differences and comprehensive utilization of different tissues of J. sabina .

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk in Al-Sayada, located at latitude 35.23 North and longitude 44.20 East and at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level for a full year from 1/6/2021 to 1/6 /2022 on the seedlings of the juniper plant ( Juniperus Sabina L .) at one year of age to know the effect of foliar spraying with Alar, three concentrations (0, 750 and 1500 mg.L −1 ) and two levels of light intensity (50% indoors woody canopy and 100% direct sunlight). on the content of leaves of nutrients and chemical compounds. Using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) system, with three replications, three seedlings in one experimental unit, spraying with the Alar growth retardant at a concentration of (1500) mg.l −1 resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates and protein, as it gave an average of (2.573%, 0.465%, 2.995%, 14.928%, 16.079%), respectively. Also, when exposing the cultivated plants in the city of Kirkuk to a light intensity of 50%, it led to a significant increase in all the studied traits of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates and protein in the leaves gave an average of (2.877%, 0.477%, 3.460%, 15.218%, and 3.460%), respectively. As for the bilateral interfere between the Alar at a concentration of (1500) mg.L-1 and the intensity of light at the level of 50%, it gave the highest percentage of the content of the leaves of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates and protein at rates of (3.465%, 0.690%, 3.950%, 16.215%)., 21.657%), respectively, with a significant difference with the rest of the other interventions.

The research carried out at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering in the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk in Al-Sayada, which is located at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level and at 35.23 North latitude and 44.20 East longitude. The aim of the study is to know the effect of foliar spraying with alar in three concentrations (0, 750 and 1500) mg.L −1 , where the plants were sprayed after planting twice on (6/7/2021 and 6/22/2021) and two levels of light intensity. (50% of the light intensity inside the wooden canopy and 100% of the light intensity under direct sunlight) on the growth of juniper plants and to determine if juniper cultivation is successful in Kirkuk’s particular environmental and climatic circumstances, . A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to conduct the experiment. The treatments were distributed randomly to the experimental units, with three replications, three seedlings in one experimental unit. The plants were grown in each experimental unit, three plants, the distance between one plant and another was 40 cm, and the distance between one replication and another was 1 meter. The characteristic of the length of the long branches from the base of the main branch, and the characteristic of the length of the short branches at the end of the main branches, which amounted to (3,255 branches.plant −1 , 28,460 cm, 12,533 cm) respectively, which did not differ significantly between them at the end of the experiment.

Twigs and leaves of Juniperus sabina L. have been traditionally used as the medicinal herb in China for the treatment of many ailments including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To confirm the therapeutic effect of total flavonoids from J. sabina (JSTF) on RA-induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) were immunized by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of CFA into the right hind metatarsal footpad. JSTF was administered orally at the dose of 125,250 and 500 mg/kg on 14 days after the induction of adjuvant arthritis. Tripterygium glycoside (20 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Paw swelling, arthritic score, body weight loss, serum cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and histological change were measured. We found that JSTF could ameliorate paw swelling of CFA rats, and significantly inhibit arthritic score (P < 0.05). The overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta were remarkably suppressed in the serum of JSTF (125,500 mg/kg) treated rats (P < 0.05). Histopathological studies also showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of JSTF-treated animals. Six flavonoids were isolated and from JSTF by various chromatographic methods and identified as follows: Catechin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranose-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnoside, and rutin. These results suggest the potential therapeutically effect of JSTF as an anti-arthritis agent toward CFA-induced arthritis in rats, and verified therapeutic applications of J. sabina on RA in folk medicine. Twigs and leaves of Juniperus sabina L. have been traditionally used as the medicinal herb in China for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritisJSTF could ameliorate paw swelling of CFA rats, and significantly inhibit arthritic scoreHistopathological studies showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of JSTF-treated animalsSix flavonoids were isolated and from JSTF including: Catechin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-xylopyranose-(1 → 3)-α-L- rhamnoside, and rutin. Abbreviations used: JSTF: Total flavonoids from Juniperus sabina; CFA: Complete Freund's Adjuvant; TG: Tripterygium glycoside; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin 1beta; IL-6: Interleukin 6; H and E: Hematoxylin and eosin.