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Vietnam has achieved rapid growth since the Đổi Mới reforms, but sustaining momentum on the path to high-income status remains uncertain. This study analyzes Vietnam’s structural transformation through the lens of New Structural Economics (NSE), highlighting both achievements and persistent vulnerabilities. It contributes in three ways. First, it applies the Growth Identification and Facilitation (GIF) framework at the sectoral level, using recent evidence on productivity, trade, and human capital to assess Vietnam’s evolving comparative advantages. Second, it conducts a comparative analysis that contrasts the successful cases of South Korea—which has reached high-income status—and China, a major upper-middle income economy with rapid industrial upgrading, with the more constrained experiences of Malaysia and Thailand, peer economies that remain stuck in the middle-income range. Third, it integrates insights from the middle-income trap literature with the five pillars of NSE to derive policy implications. Findings indicate that Vietnam’s transformation has broadly followed comparative advantage–aligned patterns, yet faces headwinds from productivity slowdown, skills mismatches, infrastructure bottlenecks, and institutional weaknesses. At the same time, opportunities arise from global value chain restructuring, digital technologies, and the green transition, which open “windows of opportunity” for upgrading. Policy implications emphasize coordinated interventions across the five NSE pillars—industrial policy, infrastructure, human capital, firm capability, and institutions—so that comparative advantage–following strategies are embedded within a trajectory of innovation-driven capability building.

The words \"Asian American film\" might evoke a painfully earnest, low-budget documentary or family drama, destined to be seen only in small film festivals or on PBS (Public Broadcasting Service). In her groundbreaking study of the past fifty years of Asian American film and video, Jun Okada demonstrates that although this stereotype is not entirely unfounded, a remarkably diverse range of Asian American filmmaking has emerged. Yet Okada also reveals how the legacy of institutional funding and the \"PBS style\" unites these filmmakers, whether they are working within that system or setting themselves in opposition to its conventions. Making Asian American Film and Videoexplores how the genre has served as a flashpoint for debates about what constitutes Asian American identity. Tracing a history of how Asian American film was initially conceived as a form of public-interest media, part of a broader effort to give voice to underrepresented American minorities, Okada shows why this seemingly well-intentioned project inspired deeply ambivalent responses. In addition, she considers a number of Asian American filmmakers who have opted out of producing state-funded films, from Wayne Wang to Gregg Araki to Justin Lin. Okada gives us a unique behind-the-scenes look at the various institutions that have bankrolled and distributed Asian American films, revealing the dynamic interplay between commercial and state-run media. More than just a history of Asian Americans in film,Making Asian American Film and Videois an insightful meditation on both the achievements and the limitations of institutionalized multiculturalism.

This article argues that successful export diversification – in terms of products, markets and upgrading – is contingent on an ‘ innovative and dynamic state - led industrial policy’ . It argues that addressing political economy distortions as well as the existence of institutional frameworks that address both market and government failures, engage firms in learning by doing, provide targeted incentives and promote investments in new economic activities are all necessary pre-conditions to enhance structural change through industrial policy. This approach has successfully fostered export diversification in Ethiopia’s flourishing leather industry, offering possible experiences to other African countries .

Un sector manufacturero robusto haría que el avance de Colombia en tecnología, producción y creatividad fuera más lejos, aseguró Swan Gin Beh, exdirector General de la Junta Asesora Económica de Singapur y miembro de la Junta Asesora del PTP en nuestro país. El experto destacó el potencial del sector de los cosméticos, porque, indicó, aquí se producen muchas sustancias naturales propicias para la cosmética, pero necesitan la aplicación tecnológica adecuada y también acceso a los canales de mercadeo y promoción adecuados para llegar a los mercados internacionales. Una forma de lograr eso es invitar empresas dedicadas a los cosméticos en el ámbito internacional que vengan a Colombia y conozcan a los productores de esos cosméticos o materias primas, que traigan su tecnología y ellas les van a abrir los canales internacionales; para [Justin Yifu Lin] es muy importante que el Gobierno brinde unas condiciones atractivas de inversión.

An interview with Justin Yifu Lin, founder of the Beijing-based China Center for Economic Research and the chief economist of the World Bank, is presented. Among other things, he explains his vision of the global recovery and the role of the World Bank in helping developing nations grow and prosper.

Shifting Patterns of Economic Growth and Rethinking Development, Justin Yifu Lin and David Rosenblatt, Policy Research Working Paper 6040, The World Bank, Washington D.C., U.S.A., April 2012. Pp. 53.

Beating the Odds: Jump-Starting Developing Countries by Justin Yifu Lin and Celestin Monga, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017;pp viii + 393, $35. Since the early 2000s several attempts have been made by economists to explain the disastrous record of neo-liberal reforms and to chart out future alternatives. [...]claim Lin and Monga, policymakers must recognise that industrialisation holds the key to transforming poor countries. [...]the authors' reliance on a comparative advantage framework is deeply problematic in light of the experiences of \"late late developers.\" [...]a short comment on the authors' views on the state deserves mention here.

Michael Chui (co-host): Yes, I believe it refers to an economy leading the way in economic development, and allowing others to follow. Justin Yifu Lin: Well, to understand the structural differences and the way to change the structure will be very important. Because certainly, if developing countries want to catch up to developed countries, at the end result, their income level should be the same. [...]in a developing country, their productivity level has been low, and the accumulation of capital is small. [...]when Michael Spence—he’s a good friend of mine, I respect him a lot—after he released his growth commission report and identified those five stylized facts for success, certainly all the government leaders in the developing world were very excited.