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The seeker of Korea's spirit
Gap Chul LEE creates formidable, intense black & white photographic images that perfectly capture the spirit of Korean culture. LEE's audacious camera work conveys an oppressed primal impulse and world of shamanism rooted deep in Korea's collective unconscious. This stems from his characteristic manner of work; approaching subjects intuitively and directly and by depending on contingency, free from aesthetic consideration; and also by preferring rough cropping to a tidy finish or meticulous composition, drawing out chaotic force rather than a harmonious virtual world. This book includes Gap Chul LEE's most iconic series of works, Conflict and Reaction (1990-2002) and Energy-Qi (2002-2007), as well as his ongoing projects (2008-present). More than half of the book covers the projects underway, which are previously unpublished. Although these works are separate entities, they can be read as a single body of work as they connect solidly to one another in terms of tugging at the vitality and spirituality one possesses.
Book
Ecological, Social, and Other Environmental Determinants of Dengue Vector Abundance in Urban and Rural Areas of Northeastern Thailand
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue globally. The variables that influence the abundance of dengue vectors are numerous and complex. This has generated a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission, the spatial-temporal distribution of vectors, and the factors that modulate vector abundance. To help guide and improve vector-control efforts, this study identified the ecological, social, and other environmental risk factors that affect the abundance of adult female and immature Ae. aegypti in households in urban and rural areas of northeastern Thailand. A one-year entomological study was conducted in four villages of northeastern Thailand between January and December 2019. Socio-demographic; self-reported prior dengue infections; housing conditions; durable asset ownership; water management; characteristics of water containers; knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding climate change and dengue; and climate data were collected. Household crowding index (HCI), premise condition index (PCI), socio-economic status (SES), and entomological indices (HI, CI, BI, and PI) were calculated. Negative binomial generalized linear models (GLMs) were fitted to identify the risk factors associated with the abundance of adult females and immature Ae. aegypti. Urban sites had higher entomological indices and numbers of adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes than rural sites. Overall, participants’ KAP about climate change and dengue were low in both settings. The fitted GLM showed that a higher abundance of adult female Ae. aegypti was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with many factors, such as a low education level of household respondents, crowded households, poor premise conditions, surrounding house density, bathrooms located indoors, unscreened windows, high numbers of wet containers, a lack of adult control, prior dengue infections, poor climate change adaptation, dengue, and vector-related practices. Many of the above were also significantly associated with a high abundance of immature mosquito stages. The GLM model also showed that maximum and mean temperature with four-and one-to-two weeks of lag were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the abundance of adult and immature mosquitoes, respectively, in northeastern Thailand. The low KAP regarding climate change and dengue highlights the engagement needs for vector-borne disease prevention in this region. The identified risk factors are important for the critical first step toward developing routine Aedes surveillance and reliable early warning systems for effective dengue and other mosquito-borne disease prevention and control strategies at the household and community levels in this region and similar settings elsewhere.
Journal Article
Be brave, Tah-hy! : the journey of Chief Joseph's daughter
During the Nez Percâe War of 1877, Chief Joseph's twelve-year-old daughter escapes to Canada.
Book
Assessing Health Students' Attitudes and Usage of ChatGPT in Jordan: Validation Study
ChatGPT is a conversational large language model that has the potential to revolutionize knowledge acquisition. However, the impact of this technology on the quality of education is still unknown considering the risks and concerns surrounding ChatGPT use. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the usability and acceptability of this promising tool. As an innovative technology, the intention to use ChatGPT can be studied in the context of the technology acceptance model (TAM).
This study aimed to develop and validate a TAM-based survey instrument called TAME-ChatGPT (Technology Acceptance Model Edited to Assess ChatGPT Adoption) that could be employed to examine the successful integration and use of ChatGPT in health care education.
The survey tool was created based on the TAM framework. It comprised 13 items for participants who heard of ChatGPT but did not use it and 23 items for participants who used ChatGPT. Using a convenient sampling approach, the survey link was circulated electronically among university students between February and March 2023. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the construct validity of the survey instrument.
The final sample comprised 458 respondents, the majority among them undergraduate students (n=442, 96.5%). Only 109 (23.8%) respondents had heard of ChatGPT prior to participation and only 55 (11.3%) self-reported ChatGPT use before the study. EFA analysis on the attitude and usage scales showed significant Bartlett tests of sphericity scores (P<.001) and adequate Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures (0.823 for the attitude scale and 0.702 for the usage scale), confirming the factorability of the correlation matrices. The EFA showed that 3 constructs explained a cumulative total of 69.3% variance in the attitude scale, and these subscales represented perceived risks, attitude to technology/social influence, and anxiety. For the ChatGPT usage scale, EFA showed that 4 constructs explained a cumulative total of 72% variance in the data and comprised the perceived usefulness, perceived risks, perceived ease of use, and behavior/cognitive factors. All the ChatGPT attitude and usage subscales showed good reliability with Cronbach α values >.78 for all the deduced subscales.
The TAME-ChatGPT demonstrated good reliability, validity, and usefulness in assessing health care students' attitudes toward ChatGPT. The findings highlighted the importance of considering risk perceptions, usefulness, ease of use, attitudes toward technology, and behavioral factors when adopting ChatGPT as a tool in health care education. This information can aid the stakeholders in creating strategies to support the optimal and ethical use of ChatGPT and to identify the potential challenges hindering its successful implementation. Future research is recommended to guide the effective adoption of ChatGPT in health care education.
Journal Article
A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA
Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene epochs 3.6 to 0.8 million years ago
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had climates resembling those forecasted under future warming
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. Palaeoclimatic records show strong polar amplification with mean annual temperatures of 11–19 °C above contemporary values
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,
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. The biological communities inhabiting the Arctic during this time remain poorly known because fossils are rare
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. Here we report an ancient environmental DNA
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(eDNA) record describing the rich plant and animal assemblages of the Kap København Formation in North Greenland, dated to around two million years ago. The record shows an open boreal forest ecosystem with mixed vegetation of poplar, birch and thuja trees, as well as a variety of Arctic and boreal shrubs and herbs, many of which had not previously been detected at the site from macrofossil and pollen records. The DNA record confirms the presence of hare and mitochondrial DNA from animals including mastodons, reindeer, rodents and geese, all ancestral to their present-day and late Pleistocene relatives. The presence of marine species including horseshoe crab and green algae support a warmer climate than today. The reconstructed ecosystem has no modern analogue. The survival of such ancient eDNA probably relates to its binding to mineral surfaces. Our findings open new areas of genetic research, demonstrating that it is possible to track the ecology and evolution of biological communities from two million years ago using ancient eDNA.
Analysis of two-million-year-old ancient environmental DNA from the Kap København Formation in North Greenland shows there was an open boreal forest with diverse plant and animal species, of which several taxa have not previously been detected at the site, representing an ecosystem that has no present-day analogue.
Journal Article
Evaluating of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medical Students about Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Gorgan, 2021–2022
Background: As medical students are the future doctors and healthcare providers of the country, it is essential to evaluate their awareness, attitude, and practice about leishmaniasis. Therefore, we have decided to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students in the clinical phase about cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 318 clinical students, including those in physiopathology, Extern-1, Extern-2, and internship phases at Golestan University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire was designed, containing 28 questions divided into four sections: demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square tests. Results: 318 individuals participated in the study, of which 193 (60.6%) individuals were female, and 125 (39.4%) individuals were male. 70 physiopathology students (100%), 72 Extern-1 students (93.5%), 73 Extern-2 students (92.4%), and 88 internship students (100%) had a good level of awareness. Among physiopathology students, 42 individuals (60%), 58 Extern-1 students, (75.3%), 71 Extern-2 students, (85.5%), and 88 (100%) internship individuals had a good attitude. The results of this research showed that 19 (27.1%) physiopathology students, 49 (63.6%) Extern-1 students, 27 (32.5%) Extern-2 students, and 42 (47.7%) interns had a good level of practice. Conclusion: As future healthcare providers, medical students must possess a high level of knowledge, a positive attitude, and strong practice skills in managing conditions such as CL. Given the prevalence of this disease in the country, organizing targeted educational programs for medical students can significantly enhance their knowledge and abilities.
Journal Article
A participatory study on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of poultry farmers regarding vaccine use in the northern region of Bangladesh
Objective: The study aimed to assess poultry farmers’ (PF) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about the utilization of vaccines for the prevention of infectious illnesses. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out involving 260 respondents in the northern area of Bangladesh. Data were collected by structured questionnaires with randomly selected participants. The analysis used descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Most respondents were male (81.5%), aged 31–40 years (32.3%), with secondary education (27.7%), as well as vaccination training (30.8%). Although 63.1% of participants were aware of immunizations, only 41.5% recognized they prevented zoonotic infections, and 66.9% reduced antibiotic use. Remarkably, 67.7% knew about the bad effects, and 70.8% said they are vaccinating their chicken flocks. Overall, 41.5%, 48.5%, and 29.2% of the farmers demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude, as well as performed better practices. Multivariable analyses found that male farmers aged over 50 years with 3–5 years of broiler farming expertise and having undergone vaccination training demonstrated a higher likelihood of possessing substantial knowledge regarding vaccine utilization. Accordingly, favorable attitudes were connected with male farmers aged over 50 years and having 3–5 years of broiler farming experience. Farmers who engaged in broiler farming demonstrated a higher likelihood of exhibiting effective vaccination practices only. Conclusion: The study highlights gaps in farmers’ KAP related to vaccine usage. It is essential to create targeted educational as well as training programs to effectively address these gaps and prevent possible poultry illnesses.
Journal Article
Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward animal welfare across different beef cattle farming systems in Phayao Province, Thailand
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward animal welfare principles of beef cattle farmers using different farming systems in Phayao Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among farmers using extensive (n = 20), semi-intensive (n = 20), and intensive systems (n = 20). Descriptive statistics were employed to describe the demographic characteristics and KAP. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the relationships between farming systems and KAP variables. The multivariate influences of the farming system on the overall KAP scores were assessed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationships among the KAP components. Results: The chi-square test revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) in KAP among farming systems. Intensive farmers showed the highest levels of knowledge (100% good), positive attitudes (55%), and very good practices (80%). However, extensive farmers exhibited lower knowledge (45%), moderate attitudes (90%), and poor practices (95%). MANOVA found that KAP levels were significantly influenced by farming systems (p < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations among the KAP components. Attitudes strongly influenced welfare practices (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), while knowledge revealed positive correlations with both attitudes (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) and welfare practices (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of specific programs, including farmer education, training, and infrastructure development, for improving animal welfare compliance across several farming systems.
Journal Article
How Does the Family Influence Adolescent Eating Habits in Terms of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices? A Global Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Promoting healthy eating habits can prevent adolescent obesity in which family may play a significant role. This review synthesized findings from qualitative studies to identify family barriers and facilitators of adolescent healthy eating in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). A literature search of four databases was completed on 31 July 2020; qualitative studies that explored family factors of adolescent (aged 10 to 19 years) eating habits were included. A total of 48 studies were identified, with the majority being from North America and sampled from a single source. Ten themes on how family influences adolescent dietary KAP were found: Knowledge—(1) parental education, (2) parenting style, and (3) family illness experience; Attitudes—(4) family health, (5) cultivation of preference, and (6) family motivation; Practices—(7) home meals and food availability, (8) time and cost, (9) parenting style, and (10) parental practical knowledge and attitudes. This review highlights five parental characteristics underlying food parenting practices which affect adolescents’ KAP on healthy eating. Adolescents with working parents and who are living in low-income families are more vulnerable to unhealthy eating. There is a need to explore cultural-specific family influences on adolescents’ KAP, especially regarding attitudes and food choices in Asian families.
Journal Article
Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Reported Practices, and Microbiological Hand Hygiene of Food Handlers
Institutional foodborne illness outbreaks continue to hit the headlines in the country, indicating the failure of food handlers to adhere to safe practices during food preparation. Thus, this study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practices (KAP) of food safety assessment and microbiological assessment of food handlers’ hands as an indicator of hygiene practices in food premises. This study involved 85 food handlers working in a university located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The food safety KAP among food handlers (n = 67) was assessed using a questionnaire; while the hand swabs (n = 85) were tested for the total aerobic count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The food handlers had moderate levels of food safety knowledge (61.7%) with good attitude (51.9/60) and self-reported practices (53.2/60). It is noteworthy that the good self-reported practices were not reflected in the microbiological assessment of food handlers’ hands, in which 65% of the food handlers examined had a total aerobic count ≥20 CFU/cm2 and Salmonella was detected on 48% of the food handlers’ hands. In conclusion, the suggestion of this study was that the food handlers had adequate food safety knowledge, but perceived knowledge failed to be translated into practices at work.
Journal Article