Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
386
result(s) for
"Kambodscha."
Sort by:
Violence and the civilising process in Cambodia
\"in this insightful new study tracing the history of violence in Cambodia, the authors evaluate the extent to which Elias's theories can be applied in a non-western context. Drawing from historical and contemporary archival sources, constabulary statistics, victim surveys and newspaper reports, Broadhurst, Bouhours and Bouhours chart trends and forms of violence throughout Cambodia from the mid nineteenth century through the present day. Analyzing periods of colonization, anti-colonial wars, interdependence, civil war, the revolutionary terror of the 1970s and post-conflict development, the authors assess whether violence has decreased and whether such a decline can be attributed to Elias's civilizing process, identifying a series of universal factors that have historically reduced violence.\" -- Published description.
Book
Global trends in mangrove forest fragmentation
Fragmentation is a major driver of ecosystem degradation, reducing the capacity of habitats to provide many important ecosystem services. Mangrove ecosystem services, such as erosion prevention, shoreline protection and mitigation of climate change (through carbon sequestration), depend on the size and arrangement of forest patches, but we know little about broad-scale patterns of mangrove forest fragmentation. Here we conduct a multi-scale analysis using global estimates of mangrove density and regional drivers of mangrove deforestation to map relationships between habitat loss and fragmentation. Mangrove fragmentation was ubiquitous; however, there are geographic disparities between mangrove loss and fragmentation; some regions, like Cambodia and the southern Caribbean, had relatively little loss, but their forests have been extensively fragmented. In Southeast Asia, a global hotspot of mangrove loss, the conversion of forests to aquaculture and rice plantations were the biggest drivers of loss (>50%) and fragmentation. Surprisingly, conversion of forests to oil palm plantations, responsible for >15% of all deforestation in Southeast Asia, was only weakly correlated with mangrove fragmentation. Thus, the management of different deforestation drivers may increase or decrease fragmentation. Our findings suggest that large scale monitoring of mangrove forests should also consider fragmentation. This work highlights that regional priorities for conservation based on forest loss rates can overlook fragmentation and associated loss of ecosystem functionality.
Journal Article
Trends in Vegetation fires in South and Southeast Asian Countries
We assessed the fire trends from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (2003–2016) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) (2012–2016) in South/Southeast Asia (S/SEA) at a country level and vegetation types. We also quantified the fire frequencies, anomalies and climate drivers. MODIS data suggested India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Myanmar as having the most fires. Also, the VIIRS-detected fires were higher than MODIS (AQUA and TERRA) by a factor of 7 and 5 in S/SEA. Thirty percent of S/SEA had recurrent fires with the most in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar. Statistically-significant increasing fire trends were found for India (p = 0.004), Cambodia (p = 0.001), and Vietnam (p = 0.050) whereas Timor Leste (p = 0.004) had a decreasing trend. An increasing trend in fire radiative power (FRP) were found for Cambodia (p = 0.005), India (0.039), and Pakistan (0.06) and declining trend in Afghanistan (0.041). Fire trends from VIIRS were not significant due to limited duration of data. In S/SEA, fires in croplands were equally frequent as in forests, with increasing fires in India, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Specific to climate drivers, precipitation could explain more variations in fires than the temperature with stronger correlations in Southeast Asia than South Asia. Our results on fire statistics including spatial geography, variations, frequencies, anomalies, trends, and climate drivers can be useful for fire management in S/SEA countries.
Journal Article
The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Sector in ASEAN
This study purposes to estimate climate change effect on agriculture sector in ASEAN by using the copula-based stochastic frontier approach to evaluate the technical efficiency and factors that affect agriculture production. Panel data of land, labour, fertilizer, and temperature in seven countries in ASEAN including Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Malaysia collected from 2002 - 2016 were used for estimating the model. The results presented that the land, labour, and fertilizer consumption according to the agriculture have positive and significant effects on agricultural production. The most interesting point from this study, found that there is a negative effect on agriculture production related by the climate change. Additionally, this study provides the most appropriate tools to analyse climate change impacts on ASEAN agriculture and the potential options for adaptation in the agriculture sector.
Journal Article
Machine learning for aquatic plastic litter detection, classification and quantification (APLASTIC-Q)
Large quantities of mismanaged plastic waste are polluting and threatening the health of the blue planet. As such, vast amounts of this plastic waste found in the oceans originates from land. It finds its way to the open ocean through rivers, waterways and estuarine systems. Here we present a novel machine learning algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that is capable of detecting and quantifying floating and washed ashore plastic litter. The aquatic plastic litter detection, classification and quantification system (APLASTIC-Q) was developed and trained using very high geo-spatial resolution imagery (∼5 pixels cm−1 = 0.002 m pixel−1) captured from aerial surveys in Cambodia. APLASTIC-Q was made up of two machine learning components (i) plastic litter detector (PLD-CNN) and (ii) plastic litter quantifier (PLQ-CNN). PLD-CNN managed to categorize targets as water, sand, vegetation and plastic litter with an 83% accuracy. It also provided a qualitative count of litter as low or high based on a thresholding approach. PLQ-CNN further distinguished and enumerated the litter items in each of the classes defined as water bottles, Styrofoam, canisters, cartons, bowls, shoes, polystyrene packaging, cups, textile, carry bags small or large. The types and amounts of plastic litter provide benchmark information that is urgently needed for decision-making by policymakers, citizens and other public and private stakeholders. Quasi-quantification was based on automated counts of items present in the imagery with caveats of underlying object in case of aggregated litter. Our scientific evidence-based machine learning algorithm has the prospects of complementing net trawl surveys, field campaigns and clean-up activities for improved quantification of plastic litter. APLASTIC-Q is a smart algorithm that is easy to adapt for fast and automated detection as well as quantification of floating or washed ashore plastic litter from aerial, high-altitude pseudo satellites and space missions.
Journal Article
Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia
In the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria cases have significantly decreased but little is known about the vectors or mechanisms responsible for residual malaria transmission. We analysed a total of 3920
Anopheles
mosquitoes collected during the rainy and dry seasons from four ecological settings in Cambodia (villages, forested areas near villages, rubber tree plantations and forest sites). Using odor-baited traps, 81% of the total samples across all sites were collected in cow baited traps, although 67% of the samples attracted by human baited traps were collected in forest sites. Overall, 20% of collected
Anopheles
were active during the day, with increased day biting during the dry season. 3131 samples were identified morphologically as 14 different species, and a subset was also identified by DNA amplicon sequencing allowing determination of 29
Anopheles
species. The investigation of well characterized insecticide mutations (
ace-1, kdr,
and
rdl
genes) indicated that individuals carried mutations associated with response to all the different classes of insecticides. There also appeared to be a non-random association between mosquito species and insecticide resistance with
Anopheles peditaeniatus
exhibiting nearly fixed mutations. Molecular screening for
Plasmodium sp
. presence indicated that 3.6% of collected
Anopheles
were positive, most for
P. vivax
followed by
P. falciparum
. These results highlight some of the key mechanisms driving residual human malaria transmission in Cambodia, and illustrate the importance of diverse collection methods, sites and seasons to avoid bias and better characterize
Anopheles
mosquito ecology in Southeast Asia.
Journal Article
Healthcare service quality and patient satisfaction: a conceptual framework
Purpose The current study aims at developing a conceptual framework containing original dimensions of SERVQUAL and adding two modified dimensions: patient safety and medical professionalism in healthcare service quality (HSQ) model.Design/methodology/approach An extensive review of HSQ literature pertaining to its dimensions and models with respect to content analysis and bibliometric studies of service quality in healthcare and SERVQUAL in healthcare were performed on 47 relevant studies, 4,689 and 529 documents after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Google Scholar and Scopus were the primary sources to find the relevant documents.Findings The content analysis was conducted to group HSQ dimensions into seven themes. Co-occurrence analysis of author keywords was performed in VOSviewer to find the links between service quality, SERVQUAL and proposed dimensions. Organization and analysis of different HSQ models and dimensions emerged from the literature result in a comprehensive conceptual framework comprising modified dimensions of healthcare service quality – medical professionalism and patient safety.Originality/value SERVQUAL is a widely accepted, tested and validated model in perceiving HSQ from the lenses of patients. But it does not cover the complex nature of healthcare service, thus requiring modification and the addition of new contextual dimensions. Therefore, a comprehensive conceptual framework is developed to validate and test quantitatively.
Journal Article
Projected plastic waste loss scenarios between 2000 and 2030 into the largest freshwater-lake system in Southeast Asia
Freshwater plastic pollution is critically understudied in Southeast Asia (SEA). Recent modelling studies indicate that SEA rivers contribute vast quantities of plastic to the world’s oceans, however, these fail to capture the complexity of individual systems. We determine the volume of mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) entering Tonle Sap Basin (TSB)—the largest freshwater lake–river system in SEA, between 2000 and 2030. Using economic, population and waste data at provincial and national levels, coupled with high resolution population and flood datasets, we estimate that
ca
. 221,700 tons of plastic entered between 2000 and 2020, and 282,300 ± 8700 tons will enter between 2021 and 2030. We demonstrate that policy interventions can reduce MPW up to 76% between 2021 and 2030. The most-stringent scenario would prevent 99% of annual MPW losses by 2030, despite substantially higher waste volumes and population. If successfully implemented, Cambodia will prevent significant losses in natural capital, material value and degradation in TSB worth at least US$4.8 billion, with additional benefits for the Mekong River and South China Sea.
Journal Article
De novo assembly of transcriptomes, mining, and development of novel EST-SSR markers in Curcuma alismatifolia (Zingiberaceae family) through Illumina sequencing
Curcuma alismatifolia
widely used as an ornamental plant in Thailand and Cambodia. This species of herbaceous perennial from the Zingiberaceae family, includes cultivars with a wide range of colours and long postharvest life, and is used as an ornamental cut flower, as a potted plant, and in exterior landscapes. For further genetic improvement, however, little genomic information and no specific molecular markers are available. The present study used Illumina sequencing and
de novo
transcriptome assembly of two
C
.
alismatifolia
cvs, ‘Chiang Mai Pink’ and ‘UB Snow 701’, to develop simple sequence repeat markers for genetic diversity studies. After
de novo
assembly, 62,105 unigenes were generated and 48,813 (78.60%) showed significant similarities versus six functional protein databases. In addition, 9,351 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) were identified with a distribution frequency of 12.5% total unigenes. Out of 8,955 designed EST-SSR primers, 150 primers were selected for the development of potential molecular markers. Among these markers, 17 EST-SSR markers presented a moderate level of genetic diversity among three
C
.
alismatifolia
cultivars, one hybrid, three
Curcuma
, and two
Zingiber
species. Three different genetic groups within these species were revealed using EST-SSR markers, indicating that the markers developed in this study can be effectively applied to the population genetic analysis of
Curcuma
and
Zingiber
species. This report describes the first analysis of transcriptome data of an important ornamental ginger cultivars, also provides a valuable resource for gene discovery and marker development in the genus
Curcuma
.
Journal Article
