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The paper presents results of huge generalization of geological and metallogenic materials on paleosoids of Kazakhstan which allowed for the first time composing the metallogenograms for seventy eight (78) structural-formational zones (SFZ). Their analysis showed that all SFZs of Kazakhstan’s paleosoids contain ores and led to development of scientifically substantiated recommendations for planning the prospecting works within the newly identified promising SFZ areas with favourable metallogenic geodynamic conditions and ore-bearing stratigraphic levels.

The competition over extracting the energy resources of the Caspian Sea together with the major anthropogenic changes in the coastal zones have resulted in increased pollution and environmental degradation of the sea. We provide the first evaluation of the spatiotemporal variation of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) across the Caspian Sea. Using remotely sensed data from 2003 to 2017, we found that the Caspian Sea has suffered from a growing increase in Chl-a, especially in warmer months. The shallow parts of the sea, near Russia and Kazakhstan, especially where the Volga and Terek rivers discharge large nutrient loads (nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich compounds) into the sea, have experienced the highest variations in Chl-a. The Carlson's trophic state index showed that during the study period, on average, about 12%, 26%, and 62% of the Caspian Sea's area was eutrophic, mesotrophic, and oligotrophic, respectively. The identified trends reflect an increasing rate of environmental degradation in the Caspian Sea, which has been the subject of conflict among its littoral states that since the collapse of the Soviet Union have remained unable to agree on a legal regime for governing the sea and its resources.

This article discusses the environmental problems in Kazakhstan, including the problem of the Aral Sea and the reasons which led to such consequences. Also the solutions were proposed, which require close cooperation between the countries. The issue of the international specialized exhibition EXPO 2017 to be held in Astana, devoted to energy future is raised. The article describes the history of such international exhibitions held in Kazakhstan. The main points of the Strategy “Kazakhstan – 2050” the program of N.A. Nazarbayev, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, relating to the topic of this article. The importance of environmental education in the modern world was marked.

Remote technologies are producing leapfrog advances in identifying the routes and connectivity of migratory species, which are still unknown for hundreds of taxa, especially Asian ones. Here, we used GPS-telemetry to uncover the migration routes and breeding areas of the massive population of migratory Black-eared kites wintering around the megacity of Delhi-India, which hosts the largest raptor concentration of the world. Kites migrated for 3300–4800 km along a narrow corridor, crossing the Himalayas at extremely high elevations (up to > 6500 m a.s.l.) by the K2 of the Karakoram Range and travelled long periods at elevations above 3500 m. They then crossed/circumvented the Taklamakan Desert and Tian Shan Range to reach their unknown breeding quarters at the intersection between Kazakhstan, Russia, China and Mongolia. Route configuration seemed to be shaped by dominant wind support and barrier avoidance. Wintering ranges were smaller than breeding ranges and concentrated around Delhi, likely in response to massive human food-subsidies. Our results illustrate that high-elevation crossings by soaring migrants may be more common than previously appreciated and suggest the delineation of a hitherto poorly-appreciated “Central Asian Flyway”, which must funnel hundreds of thousands of migrants from central Asia into the Indian subcontinent via multiple modes of the Himalayan crossing.

This article investigates the long-run and causal linkages between economic growth, CO 2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable (fossil fuels) energy consumption, the Composite Trade Intensity (CTI) as a proxy for trade openness, and the Chinn-Ito index as a proxy for financial openness for a panel of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan over the period of 1992–2015. It is the first time that CTI and the Chinn-Ito indexes are used in an economic-pollution model. Employing three panel unit root tests, panel cointegration estimation methods (DOLS and FMOLS), and two panel causality tests, the main empirical results provided evidence for the bidirectional long-run relationship between all the variables in all 12 sampled countries except for economic growth-renewable energy use linkage. The findings of causality tests indicated that there is a unidirectional short-run panel causality running from economic growth, financial openness, and trade openness to CO 2 emissions and from fossil fuel energy consumption to renewable energy use.

The goal of this study is to form architectural and planning solutions of spaces for rites and games in the ethno-cultural tourist clusters of the Russian-Kazakhstan borderland. In order to achieve the goal, the study addressed the following challenges: researches sequences of traditional rites and folk games, identified the necessary spaces, the amount of furniture and equipment to ensure these actions, as well as the number of people involved in the process. The following methods were used in the scientific work: natural observation, photo-fixation of ceremonies and traditional games, as well as the study of these processes using ergonomic methods. As a result, architectural and planning solutions of spaces for ceremonies and games of various ethnic groups of the Russian-Kazakhstan borderland in ethno-cultural tourist clusters were defined.

Despite its transformative impact on human history, the early domestication of the horse ( Equus caballus ) remains exceedingly difficult to trace in the archaeological record. In recent years, a scientific consensus emerged linking the Botai culture of northern Kazakhstan with the first domestication of horses, based on compelling but largely indirect archaeological evidence. A cornerstone of the archaeological case for domestication at Botai is damage to the dentition commonly linked with the use of bridle mouthpieces, or “bit wear.” Recent archaeogenetic analyses reveal, however, that horse remains from Botai are not modern domesticates but instead the Przewalski’s horse, E. przewalskii —warranting reevaluation of evidence for domestication. Here, we compare osteological traits hypothesized to have been caused by horse transport at Botai with wild Pleistocene equids in North America. Our results suggest that damage observed in Botai horse teeth is likely generated by natural disturbances in dental development and wear, rather than through contact with bridle equipment. In light of a careful reconsideration of the mid-Holocene archaeological record of northern Eurasia, we suggest that archaeological materials from Botai are most effectively explained through the regularized mass harvesting of wild Przewalski’s’ horses—meaning that the origins of horse domestication may lie elsewhere.

This paper investigates the CO 2 emissions–economic growth relationship in Kazakhstan for the period 1992–2013. Johansen, ARDLBT, DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR cointegration methods are used for robustness purpose. We start with the cubic functional form to rule out any misleading results that can be caused by misspecification. Although the estimation results suggest “U”-shaped relationship, the turning point of income is out of the period. It means that the impact of economic growth on CO 2 is monotonically increasing in the long run indicating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis does not hold for Kazakhstan. Moreover, we calculate that the income elasticity of CO 2 is about unity. The paper concludes that the Kazakhstani policymakers should focus on less energy-intensive sectors as well as using more renewable energy in order to avoid higher pollution effects of economic growth. They may also set new policy regulations for CO 2 reduction.

This study analyzes the causal relationship between the highest price formation and trading volume in Energy Company stocks traded on KASE. In addition, Granger causality analysis is strengthened with frequency domain causality analysis to determine the concentration points of the causality relationship. This aspect provides vital decision support, especially in investment decisions. Three different relationships are identified for the causality between the highest price formation and the transaction volume. There is a two-way causality relationship for KEGC and a one-way for KZTO. No causal relationship was found for KZAP. These results can be interpreted as an indication that the Kazakhstan stock market offers a rich portfolio for investors. The causality structure of the investment climate in Kazakhstan can be analyzed by similar studies on the composite index and other companies traded in KASE. The time interval of the study was determined as between 01.01.2021 and 31.01.2023 and the data used were retrieved from the investing.com website.

This article addresses the problem of ensuring high reliability and safety performance of freight elevators. Rope elevator hoists exist more than one hundred years and have become very common, but it is very difficult to achieve their operational efficiency. The authors propose a solution to the problem - the introduction of a fundamentally new type of transport - pneumatic lifting, which capable provides high technical and economic performance. At the specialized enterprise «Pnevmopod”yem» a small-lot manufacture of new import-substituting equipment for hoisting in building sestablished. The authors present the advantages and the principle of operation of the developed pneumatic elevator. Essential advantage of this machine is the safe work which is incorporated in its design. Considerable attention is paid to the results of tests of cargo pneumatic elevator. The authors come to the conclusion that the design of a freight pneumatic elevator makes it possible to use it successfully for transporting cargo in buildings and structures for various purposes, to reduce capital investments in construction, installation and operating costs. The absence of foreign analogs will allow selling pneumatic lifts not only in Kazakhstan, but also in the countries of the former USSR.