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Téhéran mobilise les chiites irakiens à travers des initiatives religieuses et le soutien à des paramilitaires chiites. Cette stratégie s'accompagne de tensions internes dans la communauté chiite irakienne et s'inscrit dans un contexte régional profondément bouleversé. À partir d'octobre 2023, le conflit entre le Hamas et Israël ouvre une nouvelle phase, prolongée en 2024 par deux chocs majeurs pour l'« Axe de la résistance » : la mort de Hassan Nasrallah et la chute du régime de Bachar Al-Assad.

This article examines English and Farsi political messages on Twitter from two Iranian leaders, Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. During the summer of 2019, Iran’s relations with Western democracies were further strained by Iranian attacks on foreign commercial ships in the Gulf of Oman and on a US surveillance drone. Shortly thereafter, President Trump announced on Twitter that he had ordered an air strike against Iranian targets, only to rescind the order minutes before contact. We explore Iran’s response to Trump and the international crisis that emerged during the spring and summer of 2019. Our article utilizes a content analysis to descriptively account for the politics and political messages that Zarif and Khamenei sought to promote. We also pay particular attention to the content criticizing America and its leadership during this time as we seek to understand Iran’s interest in provoking the United States on social media.

When the Twelve-Day War ended in a cease-fire in June 2025, it was clear that this would be a short break from fighting, not a lasting peace. The cease-fire did not bridge any of the fundamental strategic differences and expectations between Washington, Jerusalem, and Tehran, leaving the strong possibility of future hostility. Despite the resumption of negotiations to end the nuclear stalemate, Iran, Israel, and the US each prepared for a more intense round of fighting. The ramifications of President Trump's Operation Epic Fury have been felt all over the world since the war's onset in Feb 2026. This impact is not limited to interruption of oil and gas supplies from the Persian Gulf and soaring prices; the effects extend to regional and global aviation, tourism, trade, investment and food supplies. The fighting will likely stop when President Trump claims that Iran's nuclear program and missile and drone capabilities have been neutralized. Meanwhile, the Iranian government claims it is winning by defying the strongest militaries in the world. A renewed cease-fire alone, however, will not restore political stability to the Gulf region and the broader Middle East.