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Téhéran mobilise les chiites irakiens à travers des initiatives religieuses et le soutien à des paramilitaires chiites. Cette stratégie s'accompagne de tensions internes dans la communauté chiite irakienne et s'inscrit dans un contexte régional profondément bouleversé. À partir d'octobre 2023, le conflit entre le Hamas et Israël ouvre une nouvelle phase, prolongée en 2024 par deux chocs majeurs pour l'« Axe de la résistance » : la mort de Hassan Nasrallah et la chute du régime de Bachar Al-Assad.

This article examines English and Farsi political messages on Twitter from two Iranian leaders, Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. During the summer of 2019, Iran’s relations with Western democracies were further strained by Iranian attacks on foreign commercial ships in the Gulf of Oman and on a US surveillance drone. Shortly thereafter, President Trump announced on Twitter that he had ordered an air strike against Iranian targets, only to rescind the order minutes before contact. We explore Iran’s response to Trump and the international crisis that emerged during the spring and summer of 2019. Our article utilizes a content analysis to descriptively account for the politics and political messages that Zarif and Khamenei sought to promote. We also pay particular attention to the content criticizing America and its leadership during this time as we seek to understand Iran’s interest in provoking the United States on social media.

It has become the convention to associate the exposure of foundational indeterminacies in a state’s identity with change. Many of the ontological security and poststructuralist works in international relations argue that revealing such uncertainties is a threat to the status quo—maintaining the existing narratives and practices used for constituting subjectivity. The article claims that such a revelation does not necessarily lead to a rupture; moreover, it can be used to keep the status quo. It investigates the case of the Islamic Republic of Iran to show how a polity can try to conceal uncertainties related to self-identification and simultaneously embrace them. In the case of the former, Iran pursues certainty in regard to its self through a process of othering: Its identity is constituted in opposition to certain antagonistic others. In the case of the latter, the Iranian subjectivity is articulated in a non-Western context, where the modern gaze of knowledge-seeking and categorizations is rejected. Instead, an “authentic” mode of wisdom is introduced that makes it possible to incorporate indeterminacies and incompatibilities in self-identification. As a result, both concealing and embracing identity-related uncertainties serve the reproduction of the status quo.

The protest movement that emerged in Iran in the wake of the presidential election of 2009 has seen a subsequent decline due to the combined effects of repression and the timidity of the reformist leadership. The growing conflict between Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad around the upcoming parliamentary election of March 2012 has created a new political crisis. The radical section of the movement tries to use this split to launch a subversive strategy against the Islamic regime. Alternatively, Khamenei tries to rid himself of the last vestiges of the autonomy of any elected institution and establish a full theocratic dictatorship. Iranian society has two choices—either to subvert the Khamenei regime or to be subjugated by it.

The U.S. declared Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps a foreign terrorist organization on April 8. The military organization is a major political and economic force in Iran.