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"Kharijites"
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Early Ibadi Theology
In this volume newly discovered, re-edited texts by al-Fazārī are presented, with previously lacking fragments included, texts that had already begun to offer new perspectives on Islamic ʿilm al-kalām, including on its origins and the sources of its concepts and debating techniques.
eBook
Not My Brother’s Keeper
Islamists in civil wars often prioritize their factional conflicts above the collective goals of their movements. They end up fighting and killing each other despite having mutual state adversaries and shared normative commitments. This reality raises an intriguing puzzle. How can Islamists justify fratricidal practices given the ubiquity of Quranic scripture and prophetic traditions that prevail upon them to unite and refrain from infighting. This article explores two religious narratives that rationalize violent infighting between Islamist factions. The Victorious Sect narrative depicts rival Islamist factions as insufficiently Islamic by harboring political pluralism and nationalism in their ideological platforms. These deviations from orthodoxy are proof of their ineligibility to lead the Islamist movement. The other narrative depicts rival factions as modern day Kharijites or Muslim extremists that must be repelled and driven out of the Islamist movement because they undermine its legitimacy. Although these narratives do not necessarily drive factional struggles for power, they are important because they rationalize and publicly justify the highly controversial act of Islamists killing one another in their quest for movement supremacy.
Journal Article
Ibadi Muslim schools in post-revolutionary Zanzibar
This article examines how the schools of the Ibadi-Omani diaspora have had an impact on religious education and Afro-Arab relations in post-revolutionary Zanzibar. Much of the existing literature about Ibadism and the Omani diaspora in Zanzibar centres on the island’s economic history, stories of Arab elites under sultanate rule and the politics of the 1964 revolution. Little work explores how Ibadis in Zanzibar today distinguish themselves from other Muslims by marrying within the Omani community, running religious charities, wearing Omani clothing, attending Ibadi mosques, and enrolling their children in Ibadi schools. This research offers a fresh perspective on Ibadism and Oman–Zanzibar relations under neoliberalism through an examination of the lived experiences of Ibadis and non-Ibadis affiliated with the schools of the Istiqama Muslim community and organization.
Journal Article
“They Are Khawārij of Our Time:” Relying on Background Knowledge and Long-Term Memory to Justify Fighting ISIS in Jordanian Political Discourse
This study focuses on a discourse practice that metaphorically associates ISIS with an early Islamic sect known as the Kharijites. This practice constructs a discourse that calls back the background knowledge and memory of historical narratives and experiences that create conceptual frames that communicate meanings of war and atrocities. These meanings were used by King Abdullah II of Jordan to justify Jordan’s military participation against ISIS (circa 2014–2018). On the basis of the “blending theory” of conceptual metaphor, this study shows how the discourse practice of depicting ISIS as the Kharijites has undergone selective associations with the ideological aim of constructing persuasive and coercive discourses to justify military intervention against ISIS, primarily by foregrounding scripts of threat and victimization. That, in turn, leads to the instigation of illusive and incomplete associations.
Journal Article
Sunitsko-šijitski odnosi u povijesti i suvremenoj bliskoistočnoj politici
Sunitsko-šijitski odnosi posljednjih su desetljeća diljem Bliskoga istoka obilježeni oštrim, a povremeno i vrlo nasilnim sukobima. Istodobno je sadržaj tih sukoba na Zapadu uvelike nepoznat. Cilj je ovoga članka čitatelju približiti nastanak, teološka tumačenja i političke posljedice raskola islamskoga svijeta na sunitski i šijitski. Na temelju primarnih i sekundarnih sunitskih, šijitskih i znanstvenih izvora opisana su zbivanja iz ranoislamske povijesti koja su dovela do te podjele. Objašnjene su njezine političke i teološke posljedice. Navedeni su neki bliskoistočni procesi u kojima je sunitsko-šijitska podjela ključni čimbenik savezništava i neprijateljstava, te najvažniji razlozi zbog kojih do buđenja sunitskoga i šijitskog identiteta nije došlo prije 2. polovice 20. stoljeća. In recent decades, Sunni-Shia relations across the Middle East have been marked by sharp and increasingly violent conflicts. At the same time, the nature of those conflicts remains largely unknown in the West. The aim of this article is to present the origins, theological interpretations and political consequences of the schism within the Islamic community between Sunnis and Shias. Based on primary and secondary Sunni, Shia, and scholarly sources, the article describes events from early Islamic history that led to this division, and its political and theological consequences. The article outlines some of the Middle Eastern processes in which the Sunni-Shia divide is a key factor in forming alliances and enmities, as well as some important reasons why this sharp identity division intensified only in the second half of the twentieth century.
Journal Article