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El artículo explora la posibilidad de integrar parte de la actividad deportiva dentro del marco de preocupaciones semióticas adscritas a la kinésica, una de sus grandes señas de identidad temática. En primer lugar, se realiza una aproximación teórica, para a continuación proponer una taxonomía de esta, basada en la casuística que genera la propia dinámica deportiva. Al final del trabajo, se confirma la hipótesis teórico-metodológica de la que se había partido, lo que supone abrir un camino para futuras investigaciones en semiótica deportiva.

Emotion is a subjective psychophysiological reaction coming from external stimuli which impacts every aspect of our daily lives. Due to the continuing development of non-invasive and portable sensor technologies, such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI), intellectuals from several fields have been interested in emotion recognition techniques. Human emotions can be recognised using a variety of behavioural cues, including gestures and body language, voice, and physiological markers. The first three, however, might be ineffective because people sometimes conceal their genuine emotions either intentionally or unknowingly. More precise and objective emotion recognition can be accomplished using physiological signals. Among other physiological signals, Electroencephalogram (EEG) is more responsive and sensitive to variation in affective states. Various EEG-based emotion recognition methods have recently been introduced. This study reviews EEG-based BCIs for emotion identification and gives an outline of the progress made in this field. A summary of the datasets and techniques utilised to evoke human emotions and various emotion models is also given. We discuss several EEG feature extractions, feature selection/reduction, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms in accordance with standard emotional identification process. We provide an overview of the human brain's EEG rhythms, which are closely related to emotional states. We also go over a number of EEG-based emotion identification research and compare numerous machine learning and deep learning techniques. In conclusion, this study highlights the applications, challenges and potential areas for future research in identification and classification of human emotional states.

The distinction between positive and negative emotions is fundamental in emotion models. Intriguingly, neurobiological work suggests shared mechanisms across positive and negative emotions. We tested whether similar overlap occurs in real-life facial expressions. During peak intensities of emotion, positive and negative situations were successfully discriminated from isolated bodies but not faces. Nevertheless, viewers perceived illusory positivity or negativity in the nondiagnostic faces when seen with bodies. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, we created compounds of intense negative faces combined with positive bodies, and vice versa. Perceived affect and mimicry of the faces shifted systematically as a function of their contextual body emotion. These findings challenge standard models of emotion expression and highlight the role of the body in expressing and perceiving emotions.

The cultural and technological achievements of the human species depend on complex social interactions. Nonverbal interpersonal coordination, or joint action, is a crucial element of social interaction, but the dynamics of nonverbal information flow among people are not well understood. We used joint music making in string quartets, a complex, naturalistic nonverbal behavior, as a model system. Using motion capture, we recorded body sway simultaneously in four musicians, which reflected real-time interpersonal information sharing. We used Granger causality to analyze predictive relationships among the motion time series of the players to determine the magnitude and direction of information flow among the players. We experimentally manipulated which musician was the leader (followers were not informed who was leading) and whether they could see each other, to investigate how these variables affect information flow. We found that assigned leaders exerted significantly greater influence on others and were less influenced by others compared with followers. This effect was present, whether or not they could see each other, but was enhanced with visual information, indicating that visual as well as auditory information is used in musical coordination. Importantly, performers’ ratings of the “goodness” of their performances were positively correlated with the overall degree of body sway coupling, indicating that communication through body sway reflects perceived performance success. These results confirm that information sharing in a nonverbal joint action task occurs through both auditory and visual cues and that the dynamics of information flow are affected by changing group relationships.

Sign language descriptions that use an analytic model borrowed from spoken language structural linguistics have proved to be not fully appropriate. Pictorial and action-like modes of expression are integral to how signed utterances are constructed and to how they work. However, observation shows that speakers likewise use kinesic and vocal expressions that are not accommodated by spoken language structural linguistic models, including pictorial and action-like modes of expression. These, also, are integral to how speaker utterances in face-to-face interaction are constructed and to how they work. Accordingly, the object of linguistic inquiry should be revised, so that it comprises not only an account of the formal abstract systems that utterances make use of, but also an account of how the semiotically diverse resources that all languaging individuals use are organized in relation to one another. Both language as an abstract system and languaging should be the concern of linguistics.

Joint action is essential in daily life, as humans often must coordinate with others to accomplish shared goals. Previous studies have mainly focused on sensorimotor aspects of joint action, with measurements reflecting event-to-event precision of interpersonal sensorimotor coordination (e.g., tapping). However, while emotional factors are often closely tied to joint actions, they are rarely studied, as event-to-event measurements are insufficient to capture higher-order aspects of joint action such as emotional expression. To quantify joint emotional expression, we used motion capture to simultaneously measure the body sway of each musician in a trio (piano, violin, cello) during performances. Excerpts were performed with or without emotional expression. Granger causality was used to analyze body sway movement time series amongst musicians, which reflects information flow. Results showed that the total Granger-coupling of body sway in the ensemble was higher when performing pieces with emotional expression than without. Granger-coupling further correlated with the emotional intensity as rated by both the ensemble members themselves and by musician judges, based on the audio recordings alone. Together, our findings suggest that Granger-coupling of co-actors’ body sways reflects joint emotional expression in a music ensemble, and thus provide a novel approach to studying joint emotional expression.

Background My dissertation focused on the cultural and historical images of agency in person with dementia. In this partial study I examined care staff, who were also in a caregiver role, and their perceptions of how neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) change agency of a person. This role enabled for them to observe the entire disease process. Methods The research utilized data from a survey of care staff (n = 191) and Finnish dementia care textbooks spanning 1985 to 2019 (77 books). The theoretical framework consisted of communicative (Holzkamp), dynamic (Thomas and Znaniecki, Jyrkämä), and embodied (Kontos) agency of a person with dementia. Results Before the onset of illness, care staff depicted their loved ones as social, cheerful, and purposefully active individuals with various possibilities for activities and skills to lead unique lives. The narratives of agency emphasized purposeful and intentional activity, as well as physical engagement. As neurocognitive disorders progressed, care staff observed a decline in agency, particularly linked to cognitive impairment. The narratives highlighted loss of abilities, memory, and social agency. Embodied agency was underemphasized in the narratives. The non‐verbal body language of persons with dementia was weakly presented. Agency was interpreted through the lens of spoken language and cognitive functioning. Conclusion In both textbooks and accounts from care staff, the non‐verbal body language of people with dementia was inadequately portrayed. To optimally fulfil the agency of people with dementia, the study recommends actively observing their embodied agency and assessing their needs based on these observations. In response to the research findings, a remote learning course is currently under development to assist care staff in recognizing and supporting embodied agency of people with dementia.

Historians continue to debate what form colonial rule took in early modern Ireland. This article explores how the reception and resistance to anglicisation, located in the everyday body language of submission and subordination encoded in gesture, might be understood in the experience of colonial rule. Exploring the gestural code operating in early modern Ireland, this article examines the role of body politics in the reception of and reaction to English rule. English ‘manners and apparel’ were central to the project of anglicisation. The body played a central role in representing and articulating social hierarchies in the early modern world. Body language offered a troubling everyday reminder of the inequalities signalled in the — non-reciprocal or non-reciprocated — gestures expected of ‘subordinates’ towards ‘superiors’. If the enforcement of the gestural order was important to the establishment of English rule, this also made gesture a focus for resistance and opposition. A body politics that exploited a shared understanding of the meaning of particular gestures could be drawn on in both everyday politics and collective protests to subvert, resist and retaliate against the political agenda of anglicisation. Looking forward to the eighteenth century and beyond state action, the article calls for more work on gesture.