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"Knowledge architecture"
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Morals and Villas in Seneca's Letters
John Henderson explores three letters of Seneca describing visits to Roman villas, and surveys the whole collection to show how these villas work as designs for contrasting lives. Seneca's own place is ageing drastically; a recent Epicurean's paradise is a seductive oasis away from the dangers of Nero's Rome; once a fortress of the dour Rome of yesteryear, the legendary Scipio's lair was now a shrine to the old morality: Seneca revels in its primitive bath-house, dark and cramped, before exploring the garden with the present owner. Seneca brings the philosophical epistle to Latin literature, creating models for moralizing which feature self-criticism, parody and re-animated myth. Virgil and Horace come in for rough handling, as the Latin moralist wrests ethical practice and writing away from Greek gurus and texts, and into critical thinking within a Roman context. Here is powerful teaching on metaphor and translation, on self-transformation and cultural tradition.
eBook
A Spatiotemporal Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Pain Intensity Estimation from Facial Dynamics
Devising computational models for detecting abnormalities reflective of diseases from facial structures is a novel and emerging field of research in automatic face analysis. In this paper, we focus on automatic pain intensity estimation from faces. This has a paramount potential diagnosis values in healthcare applications. In this context, we present a novel 3D deep model for dynamic spatiotemporal representation of faces in videos. Using several convolutional layers with diverse temporal depths, our proposed model captures a wide range of spatiotemporal variations in the faces. Moreover, we introduce a cross-architecture knowledge transfer technique for training 3D convolutional neural networks using a pre-trained 2D architecture. This strategy is a practical approach for training 3D models, especially when the size of the database is relatively small. Our extensive experiments and analysis on two benchmarking and publicly available databases, namely the UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain and the BioVid, clearly show that our proposed method consistently outperforms many state-of-the-art methods in automatic pain intensity estimation.
Journal Article
Investigating the scientific knowledge–policy interface in EU climate policy
We provide an historical overview of the evolution of knowledge exchange architecture for climate policy in the EU. We investigate whether evolutions in the knowledge architecture reflect shifts in the politicisation of climate change. First, we outline a conceptualisation of politicisation that accounts for two types of effects: prioritisation leading to enabling conditions for knowledge exchange, and polarisation leading to constraining conditions. Next, we describe the shifting politicisation of climate change in the EU since the 1990s, followed by a discussion of the evolution of two key aspects of the knowledge exchange system: formal and informal aspects, focusing on knowledge exchange with the European Commission. Our analysis reveals connections between the development of the formal and informal aspects of the knowledge exchange architecture and the shifts in politicisation in different time periods. We find that when the politicisation of climate change led to a negative or constraining context, the informal aspects of the knowledge exchange architecture closed, making it more challenging for multidisciplinary scientific knowledge to enter the process. However, the formal aspects of the knowledge exchange architecture remained in place, even under constraining conditions. The article provides a nuanced assessment of the connections between the effects of politicisation and the potential for meaningful scientific–policy knowledge exchange, enhancing our understanding of both the politicisation of climate change and of knowledge exchange architectures.
Journal Article
A descriptive study of assumptions in STRIDE security threat modeling
Security threat modeling involves the systematic elicitation of plausible threat scenarios, and leads to the identification and articulation of the security requirements in the early stages of software development. Although they are an important source of architectural knowledge, assumptions made in this context are in practice left implicit or at best, documented informally in an unstructured textual format. As guidelines and best practices are lacking, the nature, purpose and impact of assumptions made in this context is generally not well understood. We present a descriptive study of in total 640 textual assumptions made in 96 STRIDE threat models of the same system. The study mainly focuses on the diversity in how assumptions are used in practice, in terms of (i) the role or function of these assumptions in the threat modeling process, (ii) the degree of coupling between the assumptions and the system under analysis, and (iii) the extent to which these assumptions are exclusively specific to security. We observe large differences on all three investigated aspects: practitioners use the mechanism of assumption-making for diverse purposes, but predominantly to exclude certain threats from further analysis, i.e. to scope the analysis effort by steering it away from threat scenarios that are considered less relevant up front. Based on our findings, we argue against the exclusive use of Data Flow Diagrams as the main basis for threat analysis, and in favor of integrating more expressive attacker and trust models which can co-evolve with the threat model and the system.
Journal Article
Modeling Method to Abstract Collective Behavior of Smart IoT Systems in CPS
This paper presents a new modeling method to abstract the collective behavior of Smart IoT Systems in CPS, based on process algebra and a lattice structure. In general, process algebra is known to be one of the best formal methods to model IoTs, since each IoT can be represented as a process; a lattice can also be considered one of the best mathematical structures to abstract the collective behavior of IoTs since it has the hierarchical structure to represent multi-dimensional aspects of the interactions of IoTs. The dual approach using two mathematical structures is very challenging since the process algebra have to provide an expressive power to describe the smart behavior of IoTs, and the lattice has to provide an operational capability to handle the state-explosion problem generated from the interactions of IoTs. For these purposes, this paper presents a process algebra, called dTP-Calculus, which represents the smart behavior of IoTs with non-deterministic choice operation based on probability, and a lattice, called n:2-Lattice, which has special join and meet operations to handle the state explosion problem. The main advantage of the method is that the lattice can represent all the possible behavior of the IoT systems, and the patterns of behavior can be elaborated by finding the traces of the behavior in the lattice. Another main advantage is that the new notion of equivalences can be defined within n:2-Lattice, which can be used to solve the classical problem of exponential and non-deterministic complexity in the equivalences of Norm Chomsky and Robin Milner by abstracting them into polynomial and static complexity in the lattice. In order to prove the concept of the method, two tools are developed based on the ADOxx Meta-Modeling Platform: SAVE for the dTP-Calculus and PRISM for the n:2-Lattice. The method and tools can be considered one of the most challenging research topics in the area of modeling to represent the collective behavior of Smart IoT Systems.
Journal Article
MPC-Coder: A Dual-Knowledge Enhanced Multi-Agent System with Closed-Loop Verification for PLC Code Generation
Industrial PLC programming faces persistent difficulties: lengthy development cycles, low fault tolerance, and cross-platform incompatibility among vendors. While LLMs show promise for automated code generation, their direct application is hindered by the gap between ambiguous natural language and the strict determinism required by control logic. This paper proposes MPC-Coder, a dual-knowledge enhanced multi-agent system that addresses this gap. The system combines a structured knowledge graph that imposes hard constraints on process parameters and equipment specifications with a vector database that offers implementation references such as code templates and function blocks. These two knowledge sources form a symmetric complementary architecture. A closed-loop “generation–verification–repair” mechanism leverages formal verification tools to iteratively refine the generated code. Experiments demonstrate that MPC-Coder achieves 100% syntactic correctness and 78% functional consistency, significantly outperforming general-purpose LLMs. The results indicate that the complementary fusion of domain knowledge and closed-loop verification effectively enhances the reliability of code generation, offering a viable technical pathway for the reliable application of LLMs in industrial control systems.
Journal Article
Hitler's Plans for Global Domination
What did Hitler really want to achieve: world domination. In the early twenties, Hitler was working on this plan and from 1933 on, was working to make it a reality. During 1940 and 1941, he believed he was close to winning the war. This book not only examines Nazi imperial architecture, armament, and plans to regain colonies but also reveals what Hitler said in moments of truth. The author presents many new sources and information, including Hitler's little known intention to attack New York City with long-range bombers in the days of Pearl Harbor.
eBook
