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This evaluation examines the history and work of Conference Committee on the Application of Standards, a permanent tripartite body of the International Labour Conference and an essential component of the ILO supervisory system.

This manual is intended for national statistical offices and others planning programmes to produce statistics on the informal sector and informal employment. It provides practical guidance on the technical issues involved in the development and administration of surveys, as well as the compilation and dissemination of results.

Cover -- Preface -- Table of contents -- Foreword Seán Lemass -- Foreword Brian Cowen -- Introduction by C. Wilfred Jenks -- Part I Phelan, the man -- Edward Phelan: A biographical essay, by Emmet O'Connor -- Part II The memoirs of Edward Phelan: The birth of the ILO -- Chapter 1 Young Irishman in Liverpool -- Chapter 2 Student life -- Chapter 3 Apprenticeship with the Lloyd George New Deal -- Chapter 4 Wartime civil servant -- Chapter 5 Russia during the Revolution -- Chapter 6 The birth of the International Labour Organization -- Chapter 7 Albert Thomas takes over -- Chapter 8 The lighter side of the League of Nations, Geneva -- Part III Other writings of Edward Phelan -- Some reminiscences of the International Labour Organization -- The ILO sets up its wartime centrein Canada -- The ILO turns the corner -- Selected bibliographyof Edward Phelan's writings -- Further reading on ILO history -- Index.

This manual provides practical guidance on implementing the current international standards on employment in the informal sector as adopted by 15th International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 1993, as well as the guidelines on informal employment adopted by the 17th ICLS in 2003

This report, the first by Guy Ryder as Director-General to the International Labour Conference, examines the forces transforming the realities of the world of work and the innovative action they require of the ILO to renew its capacity to deliver its mandate of social justice.

Scholars interested in labour in Latin America have traditionally paid little attention to trade unions’ legal mobilisation. However, the increasing number of legal complaints filed by workers with labour ministries and/or the courts in countries like Argentina, Brazil and Chile calls for a more serious debate on the role that trade unions play in this process. This article focuses on the Chilean case. Drawing on various sources, it shows that Chilean unions have turned legal complaints into a weapon to gain more rights and curb employers’ power. This process has involved the strongest and most combative unions, and is due to two historical conditions: (1) the obstacles placed in the way of successful resort to more disruptive tactics; (2) the increase in institutional opportunities to report infringements of the law. Overall, the article challenges the current image of the Chilean unions by foregrounding their agency and their achievements over the last decade.

OBJECTIVE:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) B Reader Program provides the opportunity for physicians to demonstrate proficiency in the International Labour Office (ILO) system for classifying radiographs of pneumoconioses. We summarize trends in participation and examinee attributes and performance during 1987 to 2018. METHODS:Since 1987, NIOSH has maintained details of examinees and examinations. Attributes of examinees and their examination performance were summarized. Simple linear regression was used in trend analysis of passing rates over time. RESULTS:The mean passing rate for certification and recertification for the study period was 40.4% and 82.6%, respectively. Since the mid-1990s, the number of B Readers has declined and the mean age and years certified have increased. CONCLUSIONS:To address the declining B Reader population, NIOSH is currently taking steps to modernize the program and offer more opportunities for training and testing.

Shortly after the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Daniel Patrick Moynihan authored a government report titled The Negro Family: A Case for National Action that captured the attention of President Lyndon Johnson. Responding to the demands of African American activists that the United States go beyond civil rights to secure economic justice, Moynihan thought his analysis of black families highlighted socioeconomic inequality. However, the report's central argument that poor families headed by single mothers inhibited African American progress touched off a heated controversy. The long-running dispute over Moynihan's conclusions changed how Americans talk about race, the family, and poverty.Fifty years after its publication, the Moynihan Report remains a touchstone in contemporary racial politics, cited by President Barack Obama and Congressman Paul Ryan among others. Beyond Civil Rights offers the definitive history of the Moynihan Report controversy. Focusing on competing interpretations of the report from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, Geary demonstrates its significance for liberals, conservatives, neoconservatives, civil rights leaders, Black Power activists, and feminists. He also illustrates the pitfalls of discussing racial inequality primarily in terms of family structure. Beyond Civil Rights captures a watershed moment in American history that reveals the roots of current political divisions and the stakes of a public debate that has extended for decades.

The geography of American retail has changed dramatically since the first luxurious department stores sprang up in nineteenth-century cities. Introducing light, color, and music to dry-goods emporia, these \"palaces of consumption\" transformed mere trade into occasions for pleasure and spectacle. Through the early twentieth century, department stores remained centers of social activity in local communities. But after World War II, suburban growth and the ubiquity of automobiles shifted the seat of economic prosperity to malls and shopping centers. The subsequent rise of discount big-box stores and electronic shopping accelerated the pace at which local department stores were shuttered or absorbed by national chains. But as the outpouring of nostalgia for lost downtown stores and historic shopping districts would indicate, these vibrant social institutions were intimately connected to American political, cultural, and economic identities.The first national study of the department store industry, From Main Street to Mall traces the changing economic and political contexts that transformed the American shopping experience in the twentieth century. With careful attention to small-town stores as well as glamorous landmarks such as Marshall Field's in Chicago and Wanamaker's in Philadelphia, historian Vicki Howard offers a comprehensive account of the uneven trajectory that brought about the loss of locally identified department store firms and the rise of national chains like Macy's and J. C. Penney. She draws on a wealth of primary source evidence to demonstrate how the decisions of consumers, government policy makers, and department store industry leaders culminated in today's Wal-Mart world. Richly illustrated with archival photographs of the nation's beloved downtown business centers, From Main Street to Mall shows that department stores were more than just places to shop.