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"LAND RECLAMATION"
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The Draining of the Fens
How landowners, drainage projectors, and investors worked with the Crown to transform England's waterlogged Fens.
2017 Choice Outstanding Academic Title
The draining of the Fens in eastern England was one of the largest engineering projects in seventeenth-century Europe. A series of Dutch and English \"projectors, \" working over several decades and with the full support of the Crown, transformed hundreds of thousands of acres of putatively barren wetlands into dry, arable farmland. The drainage project was also supposed to reform the sickly, backward fenlanders into civilized, healthy farmers, to the benefit of the entire commonwealth. As projectors reconstructed entire river systems, these new, artificial channels profoundly altered both the landscape and the lives of those who lived on it.
In this definitive account, historian Eric H. Ash provides a detailed history of this ambitious undertaking. Ash traces the endeavor from the 1570s, when draining the whole of the Fens became an imaginable goal for the Crown, through several failed efforts in the early 1600s. The book closes in the 1650s, when, in spite of the project's enormous difficulty and expense, the draining of the Great Level of the Fens was finally completed. Ash ultimately concludes that the transformation of the Fens into fertile farmland had unintended ecological consequences that created at least as many problems as it solved.
Drawing on painstaking archival research, Ash explores the drainage from the perspectives of political, social, and environmental history. He argues that the efficient management and exploitation of fenland natural resources in the rising nation-state of early modern England was a crucial problem for the Crown, one that provoked violent confrontations with fenland inhabitants, who viewed the drainage (and accompanying land seizure) as a grave threat to their local landscape, economy, and way of life. The drainage also reveals much about the political flash points that roiled England during the mid–seventeenth century, leading up to the violence of the English Civil War. This is compelling reading for British historians, environmental scholars, historians of technology, and anyone interested in state formation in early modern Europe.
eBook
Long-Term Clustering Analysis of Construction Land Reclamation in Hangzhou: Patterns and Impacts
Given the challenges of rapid urbanization and ecological degradation, construction land reclamation (CLR) has become one of the critical strategies for optimizing land use and balancing urban development with ecological preservation. However, the long-term impacts and patterns of CLR remain underexplored, necessitating a comprehensive analysis to inform sustainable land management practices. This study investigates the patterns and impacts of CLR in Hangzhou over a fifteen-year period (2006–2020). Using an improved K-means clustering algorithm, the study analyzes the land reclamation status of 199 streets, identifying nine distinct categories that reflect varying stages of urbanization, ecological protection, and land-use management. The results show a clear transition from rapid, large-scale reclamation during the early years to more targeted and sustainable reclamation efforts in later periods. The study’s innovation lies in its use of a long-term, time-series analysis at the street level, enhancing understanding of CLR dynamics and improving prediction accuracy by 11%. It emphasizes the importance of adaptive land management in balancing urban growth with ecological preservation and agricultural sustainability. The clustering analysis provides insights into the evolving urbanization process, with the highest concentration of construction land reclamation occurring along urban–rural boundaries. These findings offer valuable lessons for urban planning and sustainable urbanization strategies.
Journal Article
The tin forest
An old man's persistent dreams transform a garbage dump into a forest full of life.
Book
Quality evaluation of land reclamation in mining area based on remote sensing
Several deficiencies exist in the present evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas. These include the absence of an established set of evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria, as well as the use of traditional sampling techniques, which are costly and in efficiency, and time-consuming. Compared with the traditional sampling survey methods, remote sensing has the advantages of a wide detection range, diverse information collection, multiple data-acquiring strategies, high speed, and short cycle. In this study, we used the Xinzhuang coal mining field in Yongcheng, Henan Province as an example to extract information and invert surface parameters using remote sensing techniques, based on national and local reclamation regulations and standards. Subsequently, using remote sensing, we constructed an index system for evaluating land reclamation quality in three aspects: reclaiming project quality, soil quality, and ecological benefits. Through the grading standards of evaluation indicators and quantitative remote sensing models, we determined the extracted information on the area of indicators, roads, ditches, soil moisture, organic matter, and ecological benefits after reclamation. Based on this, we established a quality evaluation model for mining land reclamation using an improved index and method. The evaluation units were divided, and the weight of the evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis (AHP–DEA) method. The land reclamation quality in the study area was comprehensively evaluated, field accuracy was verified, and the results were analyzed. The results show that, except for the removal of roads, houses, and fishponds in the study area, all 13 evaluation units achieved a score of 60 points or higher. The quality of reclamation met the standards, and the evaluation results were consistent with the conclusions of the field investigation and project acceptance report, demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of the method developed in this study. The research results will provide technical support for the scientific evaluation of land reclamation quality.
Journal Article
Detection Ground Deformation Characteristics of Reclamation Land with Time-Series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar in Tianjin Binhai New Area, China
In order to alleviate the conflict between populations and land resource, Tianjin adopted multi-phase reclamation projects to the formed large-scale artificial reclamation land. The reclamation areas, however, are prone to subsidence, which poses a significant threat to infrastructure as well as the safety and assets of the residents. The SBAS-InSAR was used to acquire surface deformation of Tianjin Binhai New Area from January 2017 to December 2022, analyze in depth the response relationship between land subsidence, reclamation project time, and land-use type. There is a strong correlation between surface deformation and reclamation time. Severe land subsidence occurred over newly reclaimed areas. In the offshore direction, the deformation values of the Nangang Industrial Zone, the Lingang Industrial Zone, and Hangu Harbor were −98 mm to −890 mm, 45 mm to −580 mm, and −140 mm to −290 mm, respectively. Significant differences in deformation were detected among different land-use types where reclamation projects were completed in the same time. Subsidence was positively correlated with surface load; in areas with higher surface loads, the surface settlement was also more severe. The average surface settlement for the heavy shipyard, with 67 grain storage tanks and 27 grain storage tanks, road, and bare land were −201 mm, −166 mm, −107 mm, −64 mm, and −43 mm, respectively. This study reveals significant differences of surface deformation in the reclamation completed at different times, and determines that the load is the main driving factor of settlement difference in the reclamation land completed at the same time. This has important guiding significance for preventing and controlling geological disasters in the reclamation area and later development planning.
Journal Article
Gaining ground : a history of landmaking in Boston
Fully one-sixth of Boston is built on made land. Although other waterfront cities also have substantial areas that are built on fill, Boston probably has more than any city in North America. In this text, Nancy Seasholes provides a complete account of when, why, and how this land was created.
Book
Desertification, Land Degradation and Sustainability
Desertification offers a comprehensive overview of the subject and clearly emphasizes the link between local and global desertification processes and how past and current policy has affected arid environments and their populations.This text adequately applies the research undertaken during the last 15 years on the topic.
eBook