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Families constitute the largest forest ownership group in the United States. Previous research has suggested that absenteeism influences how families perceive, use, and manage their land. The extent to which prior findings are sensitive to different definitions of absenteeism is unclear, however. In this paper, the distance between landowners’ residences and their forest land was calculated in order to compare different measures of absenteeism in terms of their statistical relationships with management and engagement activities. Data from the National Woodland Owner Survey were used to establish six binary definitions of an absentee owner based on fixed distances between landowners and their land. Bivariate tests were run to determine whether there were significant differences across these definitions between resident and absentee owners in terms of eighteen management and engagement variables. For more than half of these variables, whether differences between the two groups were statistically significant or not depended on the chosen threshold. Logistic regression models were also used to predict the likelihood of a subset of four dependent variables based on the absolute value of the distance landowners live from their land. Three of these models—for invasive species removal, leasing land, and emotional attachment—had sufficient goodness of fit and a statistically significant distance parameter.

The Becks appealed, and the state supreme court granted review because the circumstances under which a claimant may quiet title to a portion of a record owner's property is an important issue of statewide concern. The state supreme court granted review because the circumstances under which a claimant may quiet title to a portion of a record owner's property is an important issue of statewide concern. After reviewing various Arizona cases, the court concluded that a boundary by acquiescence cause of action has been part of Arizona jurisprudence for decades, albeit sparingly referenced or discussed. Here, no facts were asserted that parking on the narrow strip was anything except casual or accidental intrusion from the main area of the Nevilles' gravel driveway. Because the Nevilles failed to meet the necessary elements of either a boundary by acquiescence claim or an adverse possession claim, the court vacated the court of appeals' decision and affirmed the trial court's judgment in favor of the Becks.

Family-owned estates face challenges achieving economic stability. Estate owners, including those in the North East of Scotland (the focus of this study) are committed to perpetuating family ownership. To enable this, entrepreneurial diversification is advocated by both landowner associations and rural consultancies. However, upper-class estate owners have historically been perceived to be reluctant to engage in entrepreneurial activities and some remain so. With other remunerative options available to them, this research investigates the identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities by estate owners in the North East of Scotland. Multiple perspectives drawn from institutional and entrepreneurial theory provide insights into estate owners' embeddedness in the institutions of family and social class, and their influence on the socially-constructed nature of entrepreneurial motivations, personality and process. Individual case studies of estate owners in the North East of Scotland provide rich insights into what activities estate owners engage in, and how and why they identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. Cross-case analysis identifies patterns of similarity and difference between individual estates. Case-state estate owners are found to engage in similar ranges of activities, with a minority identifying and exploiting differentiated opportunities. Motivations are layered in nature. Explicit commitments to community and implicit commitments to family motivate estate owners to ensure continued financial stability of their estates. Awareness and identification of estate resources are push factors for estate owners to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Their entrepreneurial process consists of multiple, overlapping journeys, which consist of phases of awareness, identification, development, action and outcomes. Estate owners whose continued entrepreneurial activities have short-term requirements have retained traditional identities of estate owners or farmers, whereas those whose activities are planned to continue over a longer time are those who have embraced - albeit partially - entrepreneurial identities. Contributions have been made to theory and understanding in the areas of entrepreneurial process, personality and motivation. Contributions to policy and practice include recommendations to support estate owners engaging in entrepreneurial activities, aimed at both enterprise and/or landowner support organisations as well as policy makers. Finally, methodological contributions are made to the process of sampling and interviewing elites, and the use of individual case studies of elites and cross-case analysis.

Eighteenth-century Scotland was an age in which a significant degree of rural change took place, much of which took the form of 'improvement' in agriculture and industry. Planned settlements were viewed as part and parcel of this improvement and, as a result, are amongst the most conspicuous features of rural and coastal Scotland, with as many as 500 settlements established throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Much of the literature on planned settlements has been quantitative and empirical in nature and has suggested a predominantly economic imperative behind their history. In light of more recent historical trends, however, a revision is timely. This thesis argues that the relationship between planned settlements, landowners, and their motivations and origins is more nuanced than has been previously suggested and that a quantitative history of the planned village movement is difficult obtain. The thesis explores improvement and the planned village movement qualitatively to understand the networks and structures that facilitated improvement, with a particular interrogation of the role of private landowners. Four case studies are utilised to reflect the widest possible range of planned settlement experiences whilst retaining as much archival detail as possible. These include Inveraray (Argyllshire), Callander (Perthshire), Tomintoul (Banffshire), and Ullapool (Ross-shire). Inveraray will feature heavily by virtue that the thesis was co-supervised and undertaken in partnership with Argyll Estates. Additionally, the focus on Inveraray is due to the rich archival material in the Saltoun Papers, held in the National Library of Scotland, and the Argyll Papers, held at Inveraray, to which His Grace the Duke of Argyll has given unprecedented access. The thesis is split into three parts investigating different elements of improvement and the planned village movement. Part One will explores the networks and structures around the movement in the eighteenth century, contextualising its concepts and ideology. Establishing this at the earliest opportunity is essential before employing a more qualitative investigation of the landowner as an individual. Within this part, an empirical background of the case studies will be included so as to foreshadow later analysis. Part Two will explore the landowner and will set out a theoretical framework within which to explore the motivations of landowners in the foundation of planned villages. It works on the premise that we can best understand the planned village through the deconstruction of the landowner and the constituent parts, or traits, of landownership: commercialism, beneficence, moralising, and consumption. This will establish the grounds for an analysis of aspects of power held by the landowner within planned villages, particularly in relation to spatial theory, which forms the focus of Part Three. Without an understanding of the space of the planned village it is impossible to appreciate the true extent of its complexities and Part Three will serve to demonstrate how the abovementioned landowning traits manifested themselves within the physical space of the planned village. Overall, the combined parts will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the planned village movement and argue that continued work in this direction is necessary to revitalise research into planned settlements in Scotland.

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the elite amongst contemporary society had the wealth and status to create English designed landscapes and artificially-organise them around a variety of visual experiences. These experiences included 'prospects', or landscape views, which contemporaries admired either from static vantage points or along 'promenades' involving movement. In 1624, Henry Wotton theorised how creating visual experiences within these landscapes satisfied the \"usurping\" sense of sight through the \"Lordship of the Feete [and] likewise of the Eye\". These visual experiences not only influenced the composition of separate estates but also reflected the landowners' attitudes towards the landscape. However, previous research rarely determined the characteristics of 'prospects' and 'promenades' at specific sites. One significant hindrance is the destruction and modernisation of designed landscapes and the subsequent bias towards renowned or grander sites in current research. The degradation of sites affects their appearance, our understanding of their development and our comprehension of how contemporaries experienced them. Therefore, this thesis utilised a multidisciplinary approach and a digital methodology to provide an innovative yet non-invasive solution. By combining the capabilities of CAD and GIS, 3D-GIS was used to recreate certain designed landscapes within their intended geographical and historical context. The experiences within these designed landscapes were then recreated using viewshed analysis, which estimates the visibility of specific 'prospects', and animation technology, for capturing what contemporaries along particular 'promenades' observed. These results were thus interpreted using an adaptation of phenomenology and reception theory. This research has provided fresh insight into contemporary perceptions within individual designed landscapes and the perspectives of the landowners who created them. 3D-GIS has been proven to contribute towards the study of designed landscapes but also has the potential to inspire research about other historic landscapes.

Property and sovereignty are often used as models for each other. Landowners are sometimes described as sovereign, the state’s territory sometimes described as its property. Both property and sovereignty involve authority relations: both an owner and a sovereign get to tell others what to do — at least within the scope of their ownership or sovereignty. My aim in this Article is to distinguish property and sovereignty from each other by focusing on what lies within the scope of each. I argue that much confusion and more than a little mischief occurs when they are assimilated to each other. The confusion can arise in both directions, either by supposing that property is a sort of stewardship, or that sovereignty is a large-scale form of ownership. One of the great achievements of modern (i.e., Kantian) political thought is recognizing the difference between them.

Women own or co-own almost half of the land in the US Midwest and women landowners are playing an increasingly important role in production and financial decision-making. Despite their growing influence, women landowners are less engaged in conservation programs and networks, primarily due to inadequate access to conservation services and resources, leading to a scenario where men continue to dominate participation in both governmental and private conservation initiatives. The existing body of literature further echoes this disparity, with women's perspectives and voices markedly underrepresented in the United States' conservation discourse. Aiming to bridge this gap, this article delves into the attitudes of women landowners toward conservation using a 2021 survey conducted with 135 Iowa women landowners. The survey sought to shed light on their interests in various conservation topics, their concerns regarding conservation decision-making, and their preferences concerning the sources of information and the methods through which educational content is delivered. We find that women landowners are most interested in government conservation programs, followed by soil erosion control, soil fertilizer improvement, and cover crops. We provide statistical evidence that more women operating landowners are interested in conservation topics and concerned about conservation issues than women non-operating landowners in general. We further explore the variations in conservation interests among women landowners, considering their demographic and farm-specific characteristics, to highlight the diverse perspectives within this group. Additionally, we examine the preferred channels through which women landowners wish to receive educational information, offering valuable insights for policymaking and extension services. The results underscore a preference for a mix of delivery methods among women landowners, with a particular inclination toward virtual platforms, such as periodic (e-)newsletters and webinars, and printed materials such as fact sheets or infographics, over traditional in-person formats. This nuanced understanding of women landowners' educational preferences and conservation interests serves as a foundational step toward fostering more inclusive conservation programs and networks that effectively engage and represent women in the agricultural sector.