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"LARGE FAMILIES"
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Factors in Intentions to Have a Third Child: What Machine Learning Analysis Reveals
An individual’s reproductive trajectory can be represented as a chain of decisions about whether or not to have a child. Decision making is a time-consuming process and usually begins with the formation of intentions. Factors of intentions, as well as their subsequent implementation, differ for children of different orders. Third births are less frequently the focus of attention of researchers than first and second births. The aim of this work is to determine the factors of intentions to have a third child among men and women with two children. The empirical basis of the study is a population survey “People. Family. Society” 2023. We use machine learning methods (ensemble trees) and include in the analysis a very wide range of classifying features, consisting of demographic and socio-economic indicators, as well as value attitudes and assessments of subjective well-being. The peculiarities of the method are such that the presence and absence of a feature can have an asymmetric effect on the dependent variable. The results of the study reveal a profile of conservative attitudes that determine higher chances of being included in the class of those intending to have a third child in the next three years: a negative attitude towards the admissibility of abortion, agreement with the statement that women would like to take care of the home and children, and moderate religiosity. In addition, factors that indicate the choice of the appropriate time for the birth of a child are important, namely the age of the youngest child from 3 to 6 years, positive expectations regarding improved housing conditions, as well as the desire for the spouse to have more children as part of the couple’s agreed reproductive attitude. The class of those who express a desire to have more children, but do not express specific plans for having a child (this could be either a postponement or a complete refusal to realize the desire), is of particular interest in the context of the possibilities of demographic policy. The economic profile of factors for falling into this class is determined by the agreement with the statement that in the absence of one’s own home and stable work it is better to postpone having a child and – at the same time – the absence of positive expectations regarding improvement of housing conditions, the presence of some housing deprivation; the presence of consumer loans payments. Removing economic barriers may allow this category of respondents to achieve the desired number of children.
Journal Article
Stolen prey
When Marta Dickenson, a well-off accountant and a beloved wife and mother, is murdered, Lieutenant Eve Dallas immerses herself in her billionaire husband Roarke's world of big business to discover who arranged a hit on an innocent woman.
Book
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Situation of Large Families in Poland
The aim of the article is to show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the living situation of large families. The study paid particular attention to the economic and housing problems, as well as the mental condition and challenges related to remote learning. The study was primarily empirical. The article presents the results of quantitative research extended by a catalogue of open questions, together with the results of research conducted by the “Three Plus” Association of Large Families in May 2020. Statistical methods were used to analyse the data. The living conditions (in most of the examined dimensions) of most families with many children deteriorated during the pandemic. The most important problems faced by such families were primarily related to the labour market (employment and running a business), and housing (related to a deterioration of the mental condition of family members). However, the families also indicated closer family relations, caused by forced isolation and slowed-down pace of life (lack of commuting, additional activities, and other activities outside the home). Overall, families with more children, and those living in smaller flats experienced the most difficult situation.
Journal Article
Double down
Greg Heffley's mom wants him to take a break from video games while Halloween approaches and he comes up with an idea to make a movie.
Book
The Biographical Experience of Being a Stay-at-Home Mother of a Large Family Versus Online Activity. A Case Study
The article presents the analysis of two cases of women reconstructed based on autobiographical narrative interviews. They are mothers of many children and are active online, having accounts on Instagram and creating content. Most research focused on the activities of online creators is based on an analysis of their web content. Due to the type of research data, autobiographical narratives and the interpretations of one’s biographical experiences and actions are the main frame of this analysis. Both narrators represent contemporary modern women, combining opposing patterns of tradition and modernity, which are often presented in public discourses as contradictory or mutually excluding. Internet activity seems to remedy the accompanying experience of tension and supports women’s biographical work. What stands out is the identity work undertaken by the two narrators, whose frame of reference is the tension between the planned and voluntary entry into traditionally understood motherhood and the plan for one’s development inscribed in the identity of an educated modern woman socialized in a culture of individualism. In this respect, their online activity appears to have a compensatory function in their biographies.
Journal Article
Understanding the role of a ‘large’ family in the teaching of Pope Francis
Family is perceived as the most important environment in which humans develop and satisfy their basic needs. Therefore, the issues concerning the family are still current and of great interest for numerous theoreticians and researchers of various fields of science. Pope Francis also devoted a part of his apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia to the issue of the ‘larger’ family. In the teachings of Pope Francis spouses and parents should make a responsible use of their freedom, both with regard to procreation, taking into account the social and demographic reality, as well as to the possibility of bringing up their offspring. Conjugal love, which, in Catholic families, is expressed in fertility, is a reason for great joy for the Church. What is innovative in the Pope’s approach to the tasks of the ‘large’ family is mainly the help provided to the people who are victims or to those who are experiencing difficulties in their family homes. Another important issue concerns proper building relations and mutual respect between people creating a ‘large’ family. To achieve this, we must remember to provide mutual assistance and recognise the dignity of each of its members as persons.ContributionThis article holds that apart from the small circle formed by spouses and their children, there is also a ‘large’ family that cannot be ignored. It is necessary for the development of the society and it is a great opportunity for their future. In the teachings of Pope Francis, it is a family that is not afraid to take on current challenges. The basic task of a ‘large’ family is to provide support and love to the people who belong to it.
Journal Article
From Urticaria to Correct Diagnosis: A Case Report of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder often misdiagnosed as urticaria or urticarial vasculitis, thereby delaying treatment for patients. This report presents a large CAPS pedigree. The proband was a 57-year-old man with recurrent urticaria-like rash, fever, and arthralgia for more than 50 years and hearing loss for 28 years. Sixteen of his relatives had similar symptoms. One-generation sequencing revealed a c.778C>T; p.(Arg260Trp) variant in the NLRP3 gene, confirming the diagnosis of CAPS. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness of CAPS and its various clinical manifestations, highlighting that urticaria may be a presentation of autoinflammatory diseases, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy.
Journal Article
Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis: a case control study in north-western Ethiopia
Background
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called “kala-azar”), is a life threatening neglected tropical infectious disease which mainly affects the poorest of the poor. VL is prevalent in Ethiopia particularly in the northwest of the country. Understanding the risk factors of VL infection helps in its prevention and control. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with VL.
Methods
A case–control study was carried out during the period of January-July 2013 in northwest Ethiopia. Cases and controls were diagnosed using clinical presentation, the rk39 rapid diagnostic test and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). A total of 283 (84.8% males versus 15.2% females) participants were interviewed. 90 cases and 193 controls were involved, matched by age, sex and geographical location with a ratio of 1:2 (case: controls). Univariate and backward multivariate conditional logistic regression were used to identify risk factors of VL.
Results
Elevated odds of VL was associated with goat ownership (OR = 6.4; 95%: confidence interval [Cl]: 1.5-28.4), living in houses with cracked wall (OR = 6.4; 95% Cl: 1.6-25.6), increased family size (OR = 1.3; 95% Cl: 1.0-1.8) and the number of days spent in the farm field (OR = 1.1; 95% Cl: 1.0-1.2). However, daily individual activities around the home and farm fields, mainly sleeping on a bed (OR = 0.2; 95%: Cl 0.03-0.9), sleeping outside the house under a bed net (OR = 0.1; 95% Cl: 0.02-0.36)] and smoking plant parts in the house during the night time (OR = 0.1; 95% Cl: 0.01-0.6) were associated with decreased odds of being VL case.
Conclusion
Our findings showed that use of bed net and smoke could be helpful for the prevention of VL in the area particularly among individuals who spend most of their time in the farm. VL control effort could be focused on improving housing conditions, such as sealing cracks and crevices inside and outside houses. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of goats in the transmission of
L. donovani
, assess the impact of bed nets and the role of the traditional practice of smoking plants.
Journal Article
Sequence Diversity, Locus Structure, and Evolutionary History of the SpTransformer Genes in the Sea Urchin Genome
The generation of large immune gene families is often driven by evolutionary pressure exerted on host genomes by their pathogens, which has been described as the immunological arms race. The SpTransformer ( SpTrf ) gene family from the California purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , is upregulated upon immune challenge and encodes the SpTrf proteins that interact with pathogens during an immune response. Native SpTrf proteins bind both bacteria and yeast, and augment phagocytosis of a marine Vibrio , while a recombinant SpTrf protein (rSpTrf-E1) binds a subset of pathogens and a range of pathogen associated molecular patterns. In the sequenced sea urchin genome, there are four SpTrf gene clusters for a total of 17 genes. Here, we report an in-depth analysis of these genes to understand the sequence complexities of this family, its genomic structure, and to derive a putative evolutionary history for the formation of the gene clusters. We report a detailed characterization of gene structure including the intron type and UTRs with conserved transcriptional start sites, the start codon and multiple stop codons, and locations of polyadenylation signals. Phylogenetic and percent mismatch analyses of the genes and the intergenic regions allowed us to predict the last common ancestral SpTrf gene and a theoretical evolutionary history of the gene family. The appearance of the gene clusters from the theoretical ancestral gene may have been driven by multiple duplication and deletion events of regions containing SpTrf genes. Duplications and ectopic insertion events, indels, and point mutations in the exons likely resulted in the extant genes and family structure. This theoretical evolutionary history is consistent with the involvement of these genes in the arms race in responses to pathogens and suggests that the diversification of these genes and their encoded proteins have been selected for based on the survival benefits of pathogen binding and host protection.
Journal Article