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Developing countries have been trying to diversify their exports baskets since 1990s. Particularly, these countries are striving for export diversification through external capital resources inflow in the economy. This study attempts to explore the impact of external capital resources i.e. foreign direct investment inflow, remittances received, foreign aid and total external debt on export diversification. Moreover, this study utilizes a balanced panel of sixty five developing countries over the period 1995-2021 by employing a newly developed panel data estimation method, cross sectional Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL). The robustness is checked by another novel estimation technique i.e. Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). The estimation methods are expounding heterogeneity and endogeniety. Empirical examination for four forms of foreign capital inflows do provide varying degree of significant contribution for increasing export diversification. Three capital resources are significant contributors whereby one of these resources are warranting export concentration. Further, these findings suggest that optimal inflow of external capital can be useful for sample countries and their productive use of external capital resources can serve as crucial channel to affect export diversification.

The United Nations specified the need for “providing universal access to greenspace for urban residents” in the 11th Sustainable Development Goal. Yet, how far we are from this goal remains unclear. Here, we develop a methodology incorporating fine-resolution population and greenspace mappings and use the results for 2020 to elucidate global differences in human exposure to greenspace. We identify a contrasting difference of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities. Global South cities experience only one third of the greenspace exposure level of Global North cities. Greenspace exposure inequality (Gini: 0.47) in Global South cities is nearly twice that of Global North cities (Gini: 0.27). We quantify that 22% of the spatial disparity is associated with greenspace provision, and 53% is associated with joint effects of greenspace provision and spatial configuration. These findings highlight the need for prioritizing greening policies to mitigate environmental disparity and achieve sustainable development goals. Through an analysis of global differences in human exposure to greenspace, a new study identifies a contrasting pattern of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities and finds seasonal variations in greenspace exposure inequality.

This lecture will review the progress that we have made in becoming a global field of clinical practice and research and the challenges that await us to consider ourselves a field with worldwide reach and utility. We will inventory the spread of neuropsychology over the last decades, and highlight geographical areas where we are most under-represented. The challenges of supporting the training and subsequent work of neuropsychologists in developing countries will be discussed, as well as the complexity of instrumentation validation and normative standard development in settings with substantial linguistic and ethnic diversity. Importantly, we will explore avenues that each participant can consider leaning into to participate effectively in the development of a global neuropsychology. Upon conclusion of this course, learners will be able to: 1.Describe what we know of neuropsychology clinical practice, research, and teaching in Africa. 2.Assess the challenges of developing neuropsychology as a field that are unique to Africa. 3.Identify multiple ways that they can support the global development of neuropsychology, crossing topics that include cultural humility, instrument development and validation, shared resources, and mentoring.

Fish are crucial sources of micronutrients, often in highly bioavailable forms. And fish populations are declining. Most previous analyses have considered only how people will be affected by the loss of protein derived from fish. We calculate that this is the tip of the iceberg. Combining data on dietary nutrition, and fish catch, we predict that more than 10% of the global population could face micronutrient and fatty-acid deficiencies driven by fish declines over the coming decades, especially in the developing nations at the Equator (see 'Troubled Waters'. This new view underlines the need for nutrition-sensitive fisheries policies.

Abstract Despite the demographic aging of the Global South, the uptake of WHO’s age-friendly cities framework remains extremely low. The Andean region of Latin America is currently represented by only four cities, out of more than 1,400 globally. Causes may include the partial inadequacy of the eight WHO domains for communities in the Andean region. We argue for a broader human ecological framework to address the macro, meso and micro levels to better address the context, challenges and opportunities for age-friendly cities in the Andean region. WHO’s age-friendly city domains are focused primarily at the meso (community) scale – on built environment, services and participation. We call for more attention to the macro policy scale, in societies where robust social security systems cannot be assumed. We also call for more attention to the micro scale, to recognize the critical role of family and informal care supports. We question whether the WHO domains are the result of a design bias, with Global North settings in mind for its development. We find the domains of UNICEF’s child-friendly cities initiative, which give more attention to the realities of the Global South, helpful to broaden WHO’s age friendly framework.

Flooding is among the most prevalent natural hazards, with particularly disastrous impacts in low-income countries. This study presents global estimates of the number of people exposed to high flood risks in interaction with poverty. It finds that 1.81 billion people (23% of world population) are directly exposed to 1-in-100-year floods. Of these, 1.24 billion are located in South and East Asia, where China (395 million) and India (390 million) account for over one-third of global exposure. Low- and middle-income countries are home to 89% of the world’s flood-exposed people. Of the 170 million facing high flood risk and extreme poverty (living on under $1.90 per day), 44% are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Over 780 million of those living on under $5.50 per day face high flood risk. Using state-of-the-art poverty and flood data, our findings highlight the scale and priority regions for flood mitigation measures to support resilient development. Floods are most devastating for those who can least afford to be hit. Globally, 1.8 billion people face high flood risks; 89% of them live in developing countries; 170 million of them live in extreme poverty making them most vulnerable.