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Developing countries have been trying to diversify their exports baskets since 1990s. Particularly, these countries are striving for export diversification through external capital resources inflow in the economy. This study attempts to explore the impact of external capital resources i.e. foreign direct investment inflow, remittances received, foreign aid and total external debt on export diversification. Moreover, this study utilizes a balanced panel of sixty five developing countries over the period 1995-2021 by employing a newly developed panel data estimation method, cross sectional Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL). The robustness is checked by another novel estimation technique i.e. Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). The estimation methods are expounding heterogeneity and endogeniety. Empirical examination for four forms of foreign capital inflows do provide varying degree of significant contribution for increasing export diversification. Three capital resources are significant contributors whereby one of these resources are warranting export concentration. Further, these findings suggest that optimal inflow of external capital can be useful for sample countries and their productive use of external capital resources can serve as crucial channel to affect export diversification.

In the contemporary global economy, firms face competitive settings and must adapt to dynamic changes, particularly those operating in industrial sectors. The disparities in economic development among countries can be attributed to variations in technological advancement levels (Ghazinoory et al., 2021). Firms in developing countries, known as latecomers, aim to learn technology by following firms in developed countries. This path continues until latecomer firms achieve innovation. Developing countries have started to produce innovation by using technological learning and have a strong voice in the global market with their products. Technological advancements in developing countries have played a significant role in fostering economic growth. This study aims to provide a perspective of technological learning within these context. We focus on the cases of South Korea and the People's Republic of China for deepen our understanding of how technological learning is strategically built in in developing countries. Both countries have applied reverse engineering as a means of acquiring and internalizing foreign technologies.

This lecture will review the progress that we have made in becoming a global field of clinical practice and research and the challenges that await us to consider ourselves a field with worldwide reach and utility. We will inventory the spread of neuropsychology over the last decades, and highlight geographical areas where we are most under-represented. The challenges of supporting the training and subsequent work of neuropsychologists in developing countries will be discussed, as well as the complexity of instrumentation validation and normative standard development in settings with substantial linguistic and ethnic diversity. Importantly, we will explore avenues that each participant can consider leaning into to participate effectively in the development of a global neuropsychology. Upon conclusion of this course, learners will be able to: 1.Describe what we know of neuropsychology clinical practice, research, and teaching in Africa. 2.Assess the challenges of developing neuropsychology as a field that are unique to Africa. 3.Identify multiple ways that they can support the global development of neuropsychology, crossing topics that include cultural humility, instrument development and validation, shared resources, and mentoring.

Inclusive growth, a critical measure of national progress, has gained significant attention from policymakers due to the persistent issues of income inequality and poverty despite economic growth. This paper explores the impact of informality on inclusive growth in developing countries and mediating role of institutional quality on inclusive growth-informality nexus.  For empirical analysis, the study employs the system GMM approach to examine how informality affect inclusive growth over the period 2008-2020. An inclusive growth index is constructed using the social opportunity function, and since inclusive growth is a multidimensional concept, multiple variables are used to better capture its different facets of inclusive growth. These variables include the Human Development Index (HDI), the Gender Inequality Index (GII), carbon emissions, income growth of the bottom 40% (Growth 40), and real GDP per person employed. The empirical findings revealed that informality, such as vulnerable, dynamic general based measure of informal economy and MMIC-based measure of informal economy, negatively affects inclusive growth, with self-employment showing an insignificant impact. Importantly, institutional quality plays a crucial mediating role in the relationship between informality and inclusive growth. Further the study also construct indifference curves for selected developing countries to show their growth inclusiveness. Finally, the study suggests policies to promote innovative activities, improve the institutional framework, and encourage formalization to enhance inclusive growth in developing countries.

The United Nations specified the need for “providing universal access to greenspace for urban residents” in the 11th Sustainable Development Goal. Yet, how far we are from this goal remains unclear. Here, we develop a methodology incorporating fine-resolution population and greenspace mappings and use the results for 2020 to elucidate global differences in human exposure to greenspace. We identify a contrasting difference of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities. Global South cities experience only one third of the greenspace exposure level of Global North cities. Greenspace exposure inequality (Gini: 0.47) in Global South cities is nearly twice that of Global North cities (Gini: 0.27). We quantify that 22% of the spatial disparity is associated with greenspace provision, and 53% is associated with joint effects of greenspace provision and spatial configuration. These findings highlight the need for prioritizing greening policies to mitigate environmental disparity and achieve sustainable development goals. Through an analysis of global differences in human exposure to greenspace, a new study identifies a contrasting pattern of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities and finds seasonal variations in greenspace exposure inequality.

Abstract Despite the demographic aging of the Global South, the uptake of WHO’s age-friendly cities framework remains extremely low. The Andean region of Latin America is currently represented by only four cities, out of more than 1,400 globally. Causes may include the partial inadequacy of the eight WHO domains for communities in the Andean region. We argue for a broader human ecological framework to address the macro, meso and micro levels to better address the context, challenges and opportunities for age-friendly cities in the Andean region. WHO’s age-friendly city domains are focused primarily at the meso (community) scale – on built environment, services and participation. We call for more attention to the macro policy scale, in societies where robust social security systems cannot be assumed. We also call for more attention to the micro scale, to recognize the critical role of family and informal care supports. We question whether the WHO domains are the result of a design bias, with Global North settings in mind for its development. We find the domains of UNICEF’s child-friendly cities initiative, which give more attention to the realities of the Global South, helpful to broaden WHO’s age friendly framework.

Fish are crucial sources of micronutrients, often in highly bioavailable forms. And fish populations are declining. Most previous analyses have considered only how people will be affected by the loss of protein derived from fish. We calculate that this is the tip of the iceberg. Combining data on dietary nutrition, and fish catch, we predict that more than 10% of the global population could face micronutrient and fatty-acid deficiencies driven by fish declines over the coming decades, especially in the developing nations at the Equator (see 'Troubled Waters'. This new view underlines the need for nutrition-sensitive fisheries policies.