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The great shortage, and inequitable distribution, of psychiatrists in low- and middle-income countries is one of the key reasons for the large treatment gap for people with mental disorders. Psychiatrists need to play a public mental health leadership role in increasing the coverage of mental health care through task shifting of effective interventions to non-specialist health workers. Psychiatrists' new roles should include designing and managing such programmes, building clinical capacity, supervision and quality assurance, providing referral pathways and research.

Africa is beginning to capture the imagination of entrepreneurs, corporate executives, and scholars as an emerging market of new growth opportunities. Over 15 years, the continent has experienced an average growth rate of 5%. Out of its 54 countries, 26 have achieved middle-income status, while the proportion of those living in extreme poverty has fallen from 51% in 2005 to 42% in 2014. Although there are regional differences, the primary drivers of growth have been rapidly emerging consumer markets, regional economic integration, investment in infrastructure, technological leap-frogging, and the opening up of new markets, especially in the service sector. Africa offers great potential as a context for management research, and more empirical and conceptual work is warranted to explain the richness of the opportunities on the African continent and address the challenges within them. There is a great deal more to learn from Africa than social development. Management scholars have the opportunity to provide empirical evidence and guide business executives and policy makers alike on the road ahead.

[...]miscategorizations of patients occur and inappropriately influence both diagnoses and management of patients with pulmonary disorders. FEV1/FVC ratio depends on different prediction and interpretation strategies that use different variables (Figure 1, GLI12 (Global Lung Initiative 2012), GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstruction Lung Disease), NHANESIII (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III).

Special and differential treatment, as an important foundation of the WTO, safe-guards the development rights and interests of developing country members, while to a certain extent promoting fairness and justice under free trade. Special and differential treatment aims to provide developing members with preferential treatment to promote the economic and trade development of developing coun-tries, and requires developed members to undertake the obligation to give more preferential policies to developing members for this purpose. The contrast in power between developing and developed members has evolved in line with economic globalization, making the shortcomings and controversies of the special and differential treatment provisions increasingly apparent. This paper contains three main points: firstly, the controversies and shortcomings of the reform of the special and differential treatment provisions, secondly, a specific analysis of Chi-na’s enjoyment of the special and differential treatment provisions, and thirdly, China’s response strategies. The aim of this paper is to propose corresponding coping strategies for China in the S&D treatment negotiations and future eco-nomic and trade development, including the attitude that China should maintain towards S&D treatment in the negotiations. Therefore, it is concluded that in the process of reforming the S&D treatment provisions, China should adhere to its status as a developing country and apply the principles of S&D treatment, but at the same time should be prepared to graduate from its developing country status.

Working as a scientist in low- and middle- income countries can be challenging, but it also provides the opportunity to make a difference to people’s lives.

Building on decades of research, a 2009 analysis defined planetary boundaries which would be unsafe to transgress for nine Earth-system processes3: climate change; rate of biodiversity loss (terrestrial and marine); interference with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles; stratospheric ozone depletion; ocean acidification; global freshwater use; change in land use; chemical pollution; and atmospheric aerosol loading. Adapting this planetary boundaries work, and using recent credible scientific studies and existing international processes - such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - we extracted a list of sustainability 'must-haves' for human prosperity (see 'A unified framework').

Globalization has led to an increasing geospatial separation of production and consumption, and, as a consequence, to an unprecedented displacement of environmental and social impacts through international trade. A large proportion of total global impacts can be associated with trade, and the trend is rising. Advances in global multi-region input-output models have allowed researchers to draw detailed, international supply-chain connections between harmful production in social and environmental hotspots and affluent consumption in global centres of wealth. The general direction of impact displacement is from developed to developing countries—an increase of health impacts in China from air pollution linked to export production for the United States being one prominent example. The relocation of production across countries counteracts national mitigation policies and may negate ostensible achievements in decoupling impacts from economic growth. A comprehensive implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals therefore requires the inclusion of footprint indicators to avoid loopholes in national sustainability assessments.

Although LIS research output, globally, has increased in recent years, why is there a dearth in LIS research from countries like India in the Global South? What barriers and challenges impede LIS researchers’ active participation in scholarly communications? Is there a bias against research output from the Global South? These are some of the questions that the author investigated with the help of ACRL’s Research and Scholarship Grant (2019 - 2020). The author collaborated with a librarian colleague in India at a second stage of the project to collect supplementary data. The second phase of the research was supported by the Marcia Tuttle International Travel Grant from NASIG (2020 - 2021). Important findings include the need for Open Access and training in academic writing standards which could help resolve some of the challenges. Learning from our Global South colleagues may assist with our work with international students and students from multiple backgrounds.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to advance the knowledge of Circular Business Models (BMs) over linear models by focusing on new dynamics which are unique to developing countries and have mostly been overlooked by contemporary literature; and second, to bring to the fore aspects of human-sphere which are currently under-researched in the circular economy (CE) domain. Therefore, the research explores how collaboration can facilitate the transition of a developing country’s economy through the creation of value from circular BMs and human-sphere.Design/methodology/approachTo fulfill the research objectives, the authors apply natural resource-based view (NRBV) theory to an in-depth case study. The authors draw the data from semi-structured interviews and observations in North African manufacturing companies.FindingsIt was found that multi-stakeholder collaboration is pertinent in implementing CE, especially in developing countries. Collaboration between companies, focusing on CE BMs, with other companies/SMEs could lead to technology transfer and organizational learning necessary for resource efficiency (RE) and clean technology (CT) – the basis for CE. The authors propose a model for collaboration as an enabler for CE.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis found multi-stakeholder collaboration to be an important antecedent to CE implementation in a developing country context. Furthermore, the authors found multinational companies who implement CE BMs generate a beneficial symbiotic relationship with local businesses. These benefits mainly revolve around technology transfer and organizational learning which is necessary for RE and CT – the basis for CE. Therefore, to advance knowledge and practice in this area, the authors propose a model for collaboration as an enabler for CE.Practical implicationsThe authors argue for the importance of collaboration in advancing CE practices which can yield tangible benefits for developing economies.Originality/valueThis paper helps address the lack of theory driven research in CE. The paper is a pioneer in this research field as it proposes a theoretical framework for collaboration in CE drawing on from NRBV.

Abstract The United Nations specified the need for “providing universal access to greenspace for urban residents” in the 11th Sustainable Development Goal. Yet, how far we are from this goal remains unclear. Here, we develop a methodology incorporating fine-resolution population and greenspace mappings and use the results for 2020 to elucidate global differences in human exposure to greenspace. We identify a contrasting difference of greenspace exposure between Global South and North cities. Global South cities experience only one third of the greenspace exposure level of Global North cities. Greenspace exposure inequality (Gini: 0.47) in Global South cities is nearly twice that of Global North cities (Gini: 0.27). We quantify that 22% of the spatial disparity is associated with greenspace provision, and 53% is associated with joint effects of greenspace provision and spatial configuration. These findings highlight the need for prioritizing greening policies to mitigate environmental disparity and achieve sustainable development goals.