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Since the institution of public legal entities plays an important role in contemporary society, both in the state and in the economic development of countries, there is a need to clear up its legal status and specifics. The lack of a clear, universally accepted classification criterion for distinguishing between legal entities under public law and legal entities under private law leads to difficulties in determining their legal status and resolving civil disputes involving public law entities. An evaluation of the current theoretical provisions regarding legal entities is required for the development of their further improvement, as well as for their adaptation to market relations and free entrepreneurship. This study aims to identify: the specific features of legal entities in public law; the main peculiarities that can be used to distinguish legal entities established under public law from legal entities established under private law; the criteria underlying the selection of legal entities; as well as the status of research on the institution of public law legal entities in France, Germany and Ukraine. The result of this scientific paper is elucidation of the significance of the classification of legal entities under public law as participants in civil legal relations. This research highlights the importance of clearly defining and consolidating legal entities under public law in regulatory documents to streamline litigation processes, using the notion of their purpose as a comprehensive classification criterion and drawing on the benefits observed in the exhaustive lists of public-law entities in France and Germany.

Public concern about the environmental impact of economic activities has significantly increased around the globe in recent years. Within the scope of unlawful acts, environmental delicts are among the most serious ones in terms of environmental impact, the consequences of which directly affect the quality and development of agriculture as the main branch of economic activity. The issue of environmental protection and liability can be approached from different perspectives, and the focus of the present research will be on the analysis of environmental delicts committed by legal entities, taking into consideration the importance and role of these entities in agriculture. In addition to general assumptions on legal regulation of the liability of legal entities, the authors also presented the results of research on legal entities reported, charged, and convicted for environmental delicts in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2010 to 2017, with a special emphasis on the analysis of results obtained in the abovementioned research areas for the territory of AP Vojvodina.

The taxation of non – resident economic entities supposes the establishment of an administrative framework as fair, efficient, effective and comprehensible as possible, fact due to the multifaceted nat ure of the concept of profits generated by an enterprise and which depend on some items as: the foundation of incomes sources, the methods of valuation and collecting taxes, as well as different rules of establishment of some tax thresholds in different si tuations. Taking into account the legal doctrine, as well as jurisprudence, respectively the national and international tax practices, we can notice the fact that the profits of enterprises are founded, stricto sensu , on tax declarations made by companies. Therefore, we consider very important, in this way, the technical capability of tax administrations regarding the establishment, implementation and coordination of some good practice procedures. In this article, we have tackled the treatment regarding the taxation of non – resident economic entities in Romania. The first part of the paper represents a truth caveat in which is presented and analysed the international and European theoretical framework of legal and tax treatment of non – resident economic en tities. The second part of the paper represents a quid pro quo of taxing of non – resident economic entities in Romania, in which are analyzed the taxing stipulations established on national level. The final part of the article is enriched with the present ation and analysis of a particular case regarding the taxation of non – resident economic entities in Romania. The conclusion resulted from this article highlights the fact that Romania had made important steps regarding ―the adjustment‖ of national tax le gislation, as well as the permanent improving of tax administration framework in the field of non – resident economic entities taxation in Romania

Public concern about the environmental impact of economic activities has significantly increased around the globe in recent years. Within the scope of unlawful acts, environmental delicts are among the most serious ones in terms of environmental impact, the consequences of which directly affect the quality and development of agriculture as the main branch of economic activity. The issue of environmental protection and liability can be approached from different perspectives, and the focus of the present research will be on the analysis of environmental delicts committed by legal entities, taking into consideration the importance and role of these entities in agriculture. In addition to general assumptions on legal regulation of the liability of legal entities, the authors also presented the results of research on legal entities reported, charged, and convicted for environmental delicts in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2010 to 2017, with a special emphasis on the analysis of results obtained in the abovementioned research areas for the territory of AP Vojvodina.

This article is a comprehensive analytical study of the problem of individualization of legal entities in terms of innovative development of the Russian Federation and the European Union. Using the latest methodology of scientific research, the authors provide a justification of the legal institution of individualization, as well as offer a wide range of means of individualization of innovation actors and participants, including in the virtual space of the Internet. Key Words: Legal entity, means of individualization, innovative economy, innovation, intellectual property, virtual prostanstvo Internet, individualization of legal entities.

In the conditions of reforming of Ukrainian legislation, in the context of its harmonization with the law of the European Union, the research of the institute of legal entities is becoming more and more important. Fifteen years after the Civil and Economic Codes of Ukraine came into force, the various laws of Ukraine 'On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Formations' have been introduced, and the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures was adopted, which will come into force on October 21, 2019, the legal regulation of the procedure for termination of legal entities has undergone significant changes. Many debates arise when it comes to compulsory liquidation procedures, the need to ensure proper legal regulation of the protection of the interests of bona fide creditors, the competence of legal entities at the stage of its termination, etc. This, in turn, necessitates a careful study of the legal framework, an analysis of the issues that arise in connection with this, and the filling of the gaps in the regulation of their main aspects.

Despite the fact that validating the measures of constructs is critical to building cumulative knowledge in MIS and the behavioral sciences, the process of scale development and validation continues to be a challenging activity. Undoubtedly, part of the problem is that many of the scale development procedures advocated in the literature are limited by the fact that they (1) fail to adequately discuss how to develop appropriate conceptual definitions of the focal construct, (2) often fail to properly specify the measurement model that relates the latent construct to its indicators, and (3) underutilize techniques that provide evidence that the set of items used to represent the focal construct actually measures what it purports to measure. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to integrate new and existing techniques into a comprehensive set of recommendations that can be used to give researchers in MIS and the behavioral sciences a framework for developing valid measures. First, we briefly elaborate upon some of the limitations of current scale development practices. Following this, we discuss each of the steps in the scale development process while paying particular attention to the differences that are required when one is attempting to develop scales for constructs with formative indicators as opposed to constructs with reflective indicators. Finally, we discuss several things that should be done after the initial development of a scale to examine its generalizability and to enhance its usefulness.

During the past decade, the problems involving information privacy - the ascendance of Big Data and fusion centers, the tsunami of data security breaches, the rise of Web 2.0, the growth of behavioral marketing, and the proliferation of tracking technologies - have become thornier. Policymakers have proposed and passed significant new regulation in the United States and abroad, yet the basic approach to protecting privacy has remained largely unchanged since the 1970s. Under the current approach, the law provides people with a set of rights to enable them to make decisions about how to manage their data. These rights consist primarily of rights to notice, access, and consent regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data. The goal of this bundle of rights is to provide people with control over their personal data, and through this control people can decide for themselves how to weigh the costs and benefits of the collection, use, or disclosure of their information. I will refer to this approach to privacy regulation as \"privacy self-management.\"

The brand relationship literature shows that the humanizing of brands and products generates more favorable consumer attitudes and thus enhances brand performance. However, the authors propose negative downstream consequences of brand humanization; that is, the anthropomorphization of a brand can negatively affect consumers' brand evaluations when the brand faces negative publicity caused by product wrongdoings. They find that consumers who believe in personality stability (i.e., entity theorists) view anthropomorphized brands that undergo negative publicity less favorably than nonanthropomorphized brands. In contrast, consumers who advocate personality malleability (i.e., incremental theorists) are less likely to devalue an anthropomorphized brand from a single instance of negative publicity. Finally, the authors explore three firm response strategies (i.e., denial, apology, and compensation) that can affect the evaluations of anthropomorphized brands for consumers with different implicit theory perspectives. They find that entity theorists have more difficulty in combating the adverse effects of brand anthropomorphization than incremental theorists. Furthermore, they demonstrate that compensation (vs. denial or apology) is the only effective response among entity theorists.

Actor-Network Theory is a controversial social theory. In no respect is this more so than the role it 'gives' to nonhumans: nonhumans have agency, as Latour provocatively puts it. This article aims to interrogate the multiple layers of this declaration to understand what it means to assert with Actor-Network Theory that nonhumans exercise agency. The article surveys a wide corpus of statements by the position's leading figures and emphasizes the wider methodological framework in which these statements are embedded. With this work done, readers will then be better placed to reject or accept the Actor-Network position -understanding more precisely what exactly it is at stake in this decision.