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Expansive market opportunities and attractive profit prospects in the housing development sector encourage many business people to be interested in investing in this sector. The significant number of the risk factors which arise during the housing development process and weaknesses of developers in managing them have resulted in some developers failing to achieve projects goal. This study aims to identify critical risk factors and determine the factors that have the highest level of risk in a housing development project in Semarang, Indonesia. The research was conducted using a structured survey questionnaire. The mean score statistical technique was used in data analysis with SPSS version 26.0 software to determine critical risk factors. The level of risk is determined based on the frequency of occurrence of the risk and the severity of the risk. The results show that there are 26 critical risk factors for housing development projects. The high land acquisition price, unmanaged cash flow and business competition are the factors that have \"Very High Risk\" level of risk. In addition, there are twenty-one factors with \"High Risk\" level of risk, and two factor with \"Medium Risk\" level of risk, which embraces the risk factor for natural disasters as well as utility and material delays. This study contributes to the understanding of the critical risk factors in housing development for housing developers to manage project risks.

This theoretical essay is oriented towards helping workers who focus on work with the youth. The aim is to indicate the individual and social level of risk in the lives of young people and show possible implications for helping workers, which lie in the application of the concept focusing on the strengths-based approach and the resilience concept. These considerations come out of the present-day trends as well as from the historical experience in the field of social work. According to them, the focus on risk is not the most appropriate approach as the clients did not reach the expected results.

This study aims to assess the musculoskeletal risk of military personnel on a Leopard 2 A6 main battle tank crew and to identify associated factors for future prevention and mitigation strategies. A sample of 57 Portuguese military personnel, who are or were part of the Leopard 2 A6 main battle tank crew, answered a questionnaire on their perception of task performance, considering muscle demands, comfort, posture, movements, and associated symptoms. A subsample of four soldiers from the Armoured Squadron of the Portuguese Mechanized Brigade were assessed using an inertial measurement unit system and underwent a whole-body kinematic analysis coupled with a Rapid Entire Body Assessment during a simulated two-hour mission. The results indicate that soldiers accurately perceive their roles within the crew and that, overall, there is a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries in all tasks. However, tasks directly related to the crew’s primary duties carry consistently high risk when considering the time spent on their tasks. This study highlights the need for targeted preventive measures to reduce the incidence and severity of injuries among the crew of the Leopard 2 A6 main battle tank.

Questions arise about links between the use of substances and violence, especially when parents misuse substances and there is potential to expose children to family violence. Background. The review has four aims: identify research into the harmful impacts of parental substance use on children; identify policies in Australia about the risks from parental substance misuse; identify interventions to manage unsafe parental substance use; and review practices involving confidentiality and collaboration when a parent has multiple complex needs. Method. The paper provides a rapid review of the literature, linking parental substance misuse, family violence, and parenting capacity and covering both policies and empirical evidence. Results. The main finding is that parental substance misuse does affect parenting capacity and is associated with family violence. The concept of the cumulative risk of harm to vulnerable children is supported by research but is not yet implemented in policy. Reports indicate that some parents who misuse substances have multiple complex needs including comorbid mental health issues, domestic violence, and difficulty in managing their children’s behavior. Early intervention therapies designed to address this cluster of issues are reviewed. Conclusion. There is a need to establish objective assessment instruments that are relevant to the cohort of parents who misuse substances and engage in family violence and to improve policy to ensure vulnerable children and families in which parents misuse substances are referred to appropriate therapies.

This paper describes the process of building and validating the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire (CPS), a brief HIV risk assessment measure. An initial 64-items bank was filled out by 466 young people (192 men and 274 women), aged between 17 and 26 years (M = 20.62; SD = 2.15). The exploratory factor analysis revealed five components: Knowledge about HIV, Condom Attitudes, Intentions of Condom Use, Safe sexual behavior and Stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV. This structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency for the different components ranged from .67 to .74. Moreover, CPS has a classification system that allows determining the level of risk. These results support the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire as a valid and reliable measure to detect earlier the risk for HIV infection and to design adjusted preventive interventions.

Background Use of digital methods for remote delivery of the NHS Health Check (NHSHC) is central to the development of this national cardiovascular disease risk identification and management programme. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a web-based digital NHSHC implemented across three general practices in Cornwall. Methods Feasibility was explored in terms of acceptability, practicability, limited efficacy (response and completion overall, by socio-demographic group), implementation and integration, and patient safety. Quantitative data were non-identifiable participant-level data ( n  = 2036) from the digital providers and online participant surveys ( n  = 109). Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured one-to-one interviews (37 NHSHC participants, 11 stakeholders). Results Of the 2036 individuals invited, 670 responded (32.9%), and 193 (9.5%) completed all parts of the digital NHSHC. Patterns in response and completion indicated that age and gender patterns were similar to those for in-person NHSHC. Survey and interview data confirmed the need for greater promotion to demonstrate the legitimacy of the programme and raise awareness, and to consider alternative methods of cholesterol testing and blood pressure measurement, which were the least acceptable components of the process. Interview participants recognised potential for a digital NHSHC to reduce primary care demand and increase flexibility to patients. But there was a general preference for a hybrid offer combining digital and in-person options. Key practical issues to implementation included a reliance on manual processes (and potential human error) around invitations and participant results (sharing with participant and writing them into primary care records). Conclusions To address feasibility issues of this web-based digital NHSHC, we recommend: greater promotion/awareness and credible/trusted invitation methods to improve response rate; flexibility around blood pressure and cholesterol measurement, and possible hybrid options, to improve completion; improvements to participant alerts when results are ready or errors occur; and greater automation of processes to mitigate human error and increase efficiency.

Due to the rapid growth of the Internet and use of e-commerce in the recent years, viral marketing has drawn the attention of manufacturing and service organizations. However, no research has been conducted to examine the impact of message appeal and message source credibility on consumers' attitude with mediating role of intellectual involvement of consumers and their risk taking level. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of appeal and message source credibility on consumers' attitude with mediating role of consumers' intellectual involvement and their risk taking level. The population of this study includes consumers of mobile phones (Samsung, Sony, Nokia, LG and iPhone) in the Bushehr city (Iran). As the population of the study is unlimited, 430 questionnaires were distributed using available sampling method, and 391 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Using structural equation modeling, we analysed the data through smart PLS software. The results show that the appeal and credibility of the message source impact the consumer attitudes toward the brand. We also found that the intellectual involvement of consumers plays the mediating role in the relationship between message appeal and consumer attitudes toward brands. In the relationship between message source credibility and customer attitude towards the brand, the level of risk taking of people has no mediating role.

Through on-site investigation, the number, locations, and causes of death in the Luding earthquake were obtained. Based on an analysis of the causes of death, 44.1% of the deaths were caused by building collapse, and 54.8% were caused by earthquake-induced geological effects. Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct research on targeted methods for assessing casualties for emergency rescue work after earthquakes. First, this article analyzes the number of deaths as a result of different earthquake intensities and building types and, combined with data from 81 on-site survey points (lethality levels and quantity and ratios of different types of buildings), obtains the regional lethality levels for different intensities and administrative units in the study area (intensity VIII and IX areas). Second, based on on-site investigation results of points at which secondary geological effects (landslides and rolling stones) occurred, and by combining parameters, such as the slope, slope direction, slope curvature, and distance from the fault, this study obtains the risk level of earthquake-induced landslides. On this basis, a coupling analysis is conducted on the seismic landslide risk level and lethality level. The results show a positive correlation between the risk level and the lethality level; the higher the risk level, the higher the corresponding lethality level is, but this relationship is not absolute. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the fitting results is 0.70828, the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.50102, and the mean squared (MS) is 0.029. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the two levels show values that are above the average level, with the prediction accuracy of the landslide risk level and lethality level being 0.708 and 0.609, respectively. The fitting results show average values at a moderate level; by constructing a fitting relationship between the landslide risk level and lethality level, the relationship can provide ideas and feasibility for constructing a lethality matrix for secondary geological disasters during earthquakes. Furthermore, it is possible to quickly evaluate the number of deaths due to secondary geological effects of the earthquake.

Healthcare workers handling antineoplastic drugs (ADs) in preparation units run the risk of occupational exposure to contaminated surfaces and associated mutagenic, teratogenic, and oncogenic effects of those drugs. To minimise this risk, automated compounding systems, mainly robots, have been replacing manual preparation of intravenous drugs for the last 20 years now, and their number is on the rise. To evaluate contamination risk and the quality of the working environment for healthcare workers preparing ADs, we applied the Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method to compare the acceptable risk level (ARL), based on the risk priority number (RPN) calculated from five identified failure modes, with the measured risk level (MRL). The model has shown higher risk of exposure with powdered ADs and containers not protected by external plastic shrink film, but we found no clear difference in contamination risk between manual and automated preparation. This approach could be useful to assess and prevent the risk of occupational exposure for healthcare workers coming from residual cytotoxic contamination both for current handling procedures and the newly designed ones. At the same time, contamination monitoring data can be used to keep track of the quality of working conditions by comparing the observed risk profiles with the proposed ARL. Our study has shown that automated preparation may have an upper hand in terms of safety but still leaves room for improvement, at least in our four hospitals.

The development of volleyball in recent years has greatly conditioned the service, one of the most important elements of the game, with significant technical and tactical changes. A methodology based on observations is proposed using models to quantify and assess the risk levels assumed by volleyball players at the moment of the serve, and developing a system category for it that includes the main response levels that affect this element of the game. This methodology has been tested with a sample from Spanish and Italian leagues, and the results obtained show the validity of the proposed formula.