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"LITTERATEURS"
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Écritures critiques
Les trois auteurs ici convoqués sont d'abord ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler des critiques littéraires, et c'est à ce titre qu'ils appartiennent, dans le genre qui est le leur, chacun avec ses moyens et talents propres, à l'histoire de la littérature française ou francophone. Mais de l'avis presque unanime, tous trois sont aussi, et sans l'avoir directement voulu ou cherché, des écrivains part entière, ou plus justement peut-être des écritures singulières mises par eux, comme dit joliment Jean-Pierre Richard, au service des autres écritures. On arpentera dans les pages qui suivent, de long en large, en privilégiant les textes à caractère intime et les correspondances, trois œuvres critiques majeures et qui ont chacune été, pour leur auteur, consciemment ou non, une inlassable et très authentique quête de soi et de sa propre voix. Parler des autres, interroger les textes d'autrui, patiemment les lire et les commenter, pour les trois écrivains critiques ici réunis, c'est en effet aussi, et peut-être surtout, fût-ce indirectement, ou obliquement, parler de soi.
eBook
Poet-critics and the administration of culture
The period between 1920 and 1950 saw an epochal shift in the American cultural economy, from a literary modernism largely sustained by elite patronage to one supported by bureaucratic institutions oriented (at least in theory) toward the public good. The economic and political shocks of the 1929 market crash and the Second World War decimated much of the support for high modernist literature, and those writers who had relied on the largesse of wealthy benefactors were forced to find new protectors from the depredations of the free market. In Poet-Critics and the Administration of Culture, Evan Kindley argues that modernist poet-critics played a unique role in the shift from aristocratic patronage to technocratic administration. The book takes up a series of exemplary Anglo-American poet-critics -- including T.S. Eliot, Marianne Moore, W.H. Auden, Ezra Pound, Archibald MacLeish, Sterling A. Brown, and R.P. Blackmur -- in order to trace the evolution of the relationship between modernist literature and institutions like universities, philanthropic foundations, and the federal government. Poet-critics were \"village explainers\" (as Gertrude Stein once described Ezra Pound), but the kinds of audiences and entities to which they offered their explanations changed radically during this period, and the shift has important consequences for how we understand poetry and its place in our culture today.-- Provided by publisher
Book
Fluctuations auctoriales au sein du hoax litteraire
The literary hoax is a process and/or a final product challenging the place, the function, as well as the credibility of an author. Often reduced to mere trickery, deceit or imposture, the literary hoax is in fact a concept that showcases different manifestations of double or multi-authorship, for it implies, in most cases, a fictitious authorial figure. This multiplicity of authorship creates a mobility that has seldom been analysed. This article proposes to identify the movements of the authorial function within three different types of literary hoax, in order to problematize and explore the notion of authorial mobility. The problematization of the concept of the author within this particular framework will enable us to shed new light on authorship itself, but also on the authors - fictitious or not - at the heart of this multiplicity of authorship. Through the examples of Vernon Sullivan, Emile Ajar and other plagiarists, this article will demonstrate that fictitious authors can indeed gain authorship.
Journal Article
AL-ADIB AL-MUSLIM WA QADHIYAH AL-ILTIZAM FI AL-ADAB الأديب المسلم وقضية الالتزام في الأدب
يخضع الأديب في تكوين شخصيته الأدبية لكثير من المؤثرات البيئية والاجتماعية والثقافية والعقدية والاقتصادية والسياسية، كما ينطلق في مزاولة فنه الأدبي من خلال المكونات التي أثرت فيه والخبرات التي حنكته. الأمر الذي يضطره في كثير من الأحايين إلى اتخاذ فكرة من الفكر أو مبدأ من المبادئ أو معتقد من المعتقدات يلتزم به فيما ينتجه من الآداب، لا يحيد عنه ولا يخالفه، بل قد يجاهد مدافعا عنه. وبهذا صارت قضية الالتزام في الأعمال الأدبية مما لا بد منه للأدباء، سواء شعروا بذلك أم لم يشعروا به، لكن الالتزام يختلف من أديب إلى آخر ومن مذهب إلى مذهب. ففي الحين الذي يتسم الالتزام في بعض المذاهب الأدبية بالإلزام والإكراه نجده لدى البعض يتحدد بالإقناع والطواعية. فالبحث محاولة إعطاء فكرة عامة عما ينتظر من أديب مسلم في إنتاجاته الأدبية، وذلك أن تكون أفكاره انعكاسا لمفهوم الإسلام وتصوره، وقد ناقش البحث الجوانب التالية: مفهوم الالتزام في الأدب والتزام الأديب المسلم وتصوره للخالق والإنسان والكون والحياة كما نظر في موقف الإسلام من العلاقة بين الجنسين. واستنتجت الدراسة أن نظرة الأديب المسلم في فنه الأدبي متسم بالالتزام الإسلامي الشامل في كل ما يكتب فيه من المواضع، وهو يشعر في التزامه هذا بالإقناع والنشوة، كما يجعل في حسبانه أن عمله الأدبي مما يحاسب عليه أمام خالقه، فلم يكن مغترا يوما بحرية مزعومة عند بعض الأدباء حتى يخوض فيما يحرم عليه من الأقوال والأفكار.
A litterateur (a person who is knowledgeable about literature) is made of different societal influences such as social, religious, economic, and politic. He is merely a reflection of his background, which is why in most cases, when he writes he seems to be committed to certain belief, ideology, and group. Thus, the issue of commitment to a certain belief, ideology can not be out-ruled in literary work. Commitment differs from one individual to another. It is characterized with force or choice and appreciation in accordance to differed school of thought (mazhab). This research gives a general out-look of what is expected of a Muslim persona in his writing or works. To achieve this objective, the study focuses on the following; the term commitment in literary work, commitment of a Muslim litterateur, his view about Allah, man, life, and the entire world. The findings of this study reveal that a Muslim litterateur is committed to Islamic values in his works and shows satisfaction and with such values attached he never writes against the Islamic teachings by hiding under so called freedom of speech.
Journal Article