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Culture trails : 52 perfect weekends for culture lovers
Hemingway's Cuba, jazz in New Orleans, the Italian Renaissance: whether it's art, music, literature, cinema or TV, there's something for everyone in this follow-up to Wine Trails and Food Trails. In this comprehensive guide, you'll find ideas and itineraries for 52 weekends of culture heaven, including expert recommendations, maps, and practical advice on how to get there and where to stay.
Book
Assessing Lodging Severity over an Experimental Maize (Zea mays L.) Field Using UAS Images
Lodging has been recognized as one of the major destructive factors for crop quality and yield, resulting in an increasing need to develop cost-efficient and accurate methods for detecting crop lodging in a routine manner. Using structure-from-motion (SfM) and novel geospatial computing algorithms, this study investigated the potential of high resolution imaging with unmanned aircraft system (UAS) technology for detecting and assessing lodging severity over an experimental maize field at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Corpus Christi, Texas, during the 2016 growing season. The method was proposed to not only detect the occurrence of lodging at the field scale, but also to quantitatively estimate the number of lodged plants and the lodging rate within individual rows. Nadir-view images of the field trial were taken by multiple UAS platforms equipped with consumer grade red, green, and blue (RGB), and near-infrared (NIR) cameras on a routine basis, enabling a timely observation of the plant growth until harvesting. Models of canopy structure were reconstructed via an SfM photogrammetric workflow. The UAS-estimated maize height was characterized by polygons developed and expanded from individual row centerlines, and produced reliable accuracy when compared against field measures of height obtained from multiple dates. The proposed method then segmented the individual maize rows into multiple grid cells and determined the lodging severity based on the height percentiles against preset thresholds within individual grid cells. From the analysis derived from this method, the UAS-based lodging results were generally comparable in accuracy to those measured by a human data collector on the ground, measuring the number of lodging plants (R2 = 0.48) and the lodging rate (R2 = 0.50) on a per-row basis. The results also displayed a negative relationship of ground-measured yield with UAS-estimated and ground-measured lodging rate.
Journal Article
The lodging house
\"A young man's dreams for a better future as a student in the Teachers' Institute are shattered after he assaults one of his instructors for discriminating against him. From then on, he begins his descent into the underworld. Penniless, he seeks refuge in Wikalat 'Atiya, a historic but now completely run-down caravanserai that has become the home of the town's marginal and underprivileged characters. This award-winning novel takes on epic dimensions as the narrator escorts us on a journey to this underworld, portraying-as he sinks further into its intricate relationships-the many characters that inhabit it. Through a labyrinth of tales, reminiscent of the popular Arab tradition of storytelling, we are introduced to these denizens, whose lives oscillate between the real and the fantastic, the contemporary and the timeless. And while the narrator starts out as a spectator of these characters' lives, he soon becomes an integral part of the lodging house's community of rogues. \"-- Publisher description (jacket).
Book
Application of paclobutrazol: a strategy for inducing lodging resistance of wheat through mediation of plant height, stem physical strength, and lignin biosynthesis
Lodging is a major constraint contributing to poor grain yield and quality of wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) worldwide. The use of plant growth regulators is becoming a foremost agro-chemical approach for minimizing the risk of lodging in cereal crops. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of the paclobutrazol application on culm physical strength, lignin content, and lodging resistance of wheat. Wheat seeds were soaked in paclobutrazol at the concentrations of 0 (CK, as control), 200 (PB1), 300 (PB2), and 400 (PB3) mg L
−1
. Our results showed that paclobutrazol resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of plant height, internode length, and center of gravity height. Paclobutrazol treatments evidently increased the culm diameter, culm filling degree, and wall thickness of basal internodes, resulting in greater stalk-breaking strength and lodging resistance index (CLRI), where their maximum values were obtained with PB1 treatment. In addition, the activities of lignin-related enzymes were improved by paclobutrazol, particularly at low concentration, which increased the lignin accumulation of the basal internodes of wheat, subsequently improving the capability of stalk lodging resistance. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between stem diameter, culm filling degree, and lignin with stalk bending strength and CLRI. The paclobutrazol concentration ≥ 300 mg L
−1
(PB2 and PB3 treatments) showed inhibitive effects on various culm morphological traits. These results suggest that not only the plant height, but also the lignin contents and physical strength of internodes are closely related with the lodging resistance of wheat, and reduction in plant height along with improved culm morphological characteristics and higher lignin accumulation in basal internodes could effectively relieve the risk of lodging.
Journal Article
Underground worlds : a guide to spectacular subterranean places
A visual and anecdotal exploration of the curious worlds hidden beneath our feet, including ancient cities, salt mine cathedrals, underground amusement parks, and more. From bone-filled catacombs to sculpted salt churches to hand-carved cave complexes large enough to house 20,000 people, Underground Worlds is packed with more than 50 unusual destinations that take some digging to find. Award-winning travel writer David Farley revels in the unexpected, whether it is a cave city in China which houses one of the world's largest collections of Buddhist art or an old salt mine converted into a theme park in Romania. Stunning photos help readers see places they could not even imagine, such as a three-story underground train station in Taiwan that is home to the a 4,500-panel \"Dome of Light\" that is the largest glasswork on Earth, as well as secret spaces, such as an ornate temple built beneath a suburban home in Italy. Throughout the fascinating text are themed entries of underground systems such as the 2,500-year-old water tunnels of Kish Qanat in Iran or engineering marvels like the New York City steam tunnels.
Book
Finding the superior allele of japonica-type for increasing stem lodging resistance in indica rice varieties using chromosome segment substitution lines
BackgroundIn cereal crops, stem lodging can be classified into two types: stem-breaking type and stem-bending type. To improve stem-lodging resistance, the strong culm traits of superior lodging-resistant varieties must be characterized. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the corresponding genes associated with the parameters for bending moment at breaking (M) and flexural rigidity (FR) is expected to enable the efficient development of lodging-resistant varieties. A set of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) derived from the cross between Takanari and Koshihikari were used in this study to identify QTLs associated with lodging resistance.ResultsThe indica variety Takanari possesses large M due to its large section modulus (SM) despite its small bending stress (BS), whereas Takanari also has large FR due to its large secondary moment of inertia (SMI) and Young’s modulus (YM). The QTLs for BS were assigned to chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Koshihikari alleles increased BS in these QTLs. The YM was increased by substitution of the Koshihikari chromosomal segments on chromosomes 2, 10, and 11. Other QTLs mapped to chromosomes 7 and 12, such that the Koshihikari alleles contributed to the decrease of YM. QTLs for cellulose density were assigned to chromosomes 1, 3, and 5, which were replaced by substitutions of Koshihikari segments. The QTLs for hemicellulose, cellulose, and holocellulose densities identified on chromosome 5 overlapped with those for BS, indicating the positive effect of the Koshihikari segment on increasing BS.ConclusionsThese results suggested that the QTLs for the densities of cell wall materials in japonica varieties contributed to increased BS and might be utilized for improving lodging resistance in indica varieties of rice.
Journal Article
Fodor's Bahamas
Fodor's correspondents highlight the best of the Bahamas, including lovely white-sand beaches, fun eco activities, top dive sites, and mellow beach bars. Our local experts vet every recommendation to ensure you make the most of your time, whether it's your first trip or your fifth.
Book
Synergism of 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine and top removal enhances maize lodging resistance and yield via coordinated photosynthetic optimization and phenylpropanoid pathway activation
Plant growth promoters like 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine (DCPTA) increases maize yield but heightens lodging risk. We investigated whether integrating canopy top removal (TR) with DCPTA application resolves this trade-off.
Over 2023-2024 seasons, maize plants were treated with DCPTA, TR, or both. Assessments included: the basal 8th leaf photosynthesis; strength, phenylpropanoid enzyme activity, and structural components deposition in the basal 3rd internode; plus grain yield and lodging incidence.
TR counteracted DCPTA-induced suppression of basal leaf photosynthesis and carbon assimilation. Crucially, the combination synergistically enhanced assimilate flux to basal stalks. This influx, potentiated by DCPTA, significantly upregulated phenylpropanoid enzymes versus TR alone, driving enhanced deposition of structural components. Specifically, during the grain-filling stage, the combination significantly enhanced chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters (P
and G
), and PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and ETR) in the basal 8th leaf, while reducing NPQ, thereby optimizing overall photosynthetic performance. Consequently, stem strength markedly increased. Over 2023-2024 growing seasons, the integrated strategy consistently increased grain yield: the TR+DCPTA treatment increased grain yield by 5.64%/4.56% vs. DCPTA alone, 3.45%/3.69% vs. TR alone, and 9.34%/8.19% vs. the control, respectively. Meanwhile, lodging incidence dropped significantly by 81.25% (2023) and 70.18% (2024) compared with sole DCPTA application.
The synergy arises because TR alleviates DCPTA's negative effects on basal leaf function, while DCPTA potentiates the phenylpropanoid pathway's response to the assimilate surge triggered by TR. This reciprocal interaction enables simultaneous optimization of photosynthetic efficiency in source leaves and robust activation of stem strengthening mechanisms, achieving higher yield and lodging resistance.
Journal Article
Effect of planting density on lodging-related morphology, lodging rate, and yield of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Increase of planting density has been widely used to increase grain yield in crops. However, it may lead to higher risk of lodging hence causing significant yield loss of the crop. To investigate the effects of planting density on lodging-related morphology, lodging rate (LR), and yield of tartary buckwheat, an experiment was carried out with a split-plot randomized block design at the experimental farm of Chengdu University (Sichuan, China) in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Results showed that plant density significantly affected characteristics of stem and root. In each season, with the increasing of planting density, light transmittance, main root length, number of first lateral root, root volume, internode number, and first internode diameter decreased, the plant height, first internode length, abortion rate and LR increased. Increasing density caused decreased grains number per plant, the dry matter weight and yield displayed an acceleration first and then deceleration. The correlation analysis indicated that the internode number, first internode diameter, number of first lateral roots, and root volume were significantly negatively correlated with LR, but positively correlated with stem breaking strength and lodging resistance index. The LR was significantly positively correlated with plant height and first internode length. In both years, the D2 (9 × 10
5
plant ha
−1
) and D3 (12 × 10
5
plant ha
−1
) yielded more grains than in other treatments, and the effects of density on two cultivars showed the same trend. The results suggested that planting density could alter lodging-related traits, lodging resistance, and yield of tartary buckwheat.
Journal Article