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Branding and positioning in base of the pyramid markets in Africa : innovative approaches
\"Brand management to sustain corporate reputation and customer loyalty is essential for both multinationals and indigenous firms in Africa. This book provides a practical overview of country branding and positioning activities in Africa, based on a broad definition of base of the pyramid (BoP) marketing which includes both goods and services, as well as business to business marketing, corporate branding, and country branding. The text highlights brand strategies that can be adopted in BoP markets as well as marketing mix strategies appropriate for much of the continent. Taking into account the role of social networks, culture and religion for developing and building competitive advantage, the book explores in detail how South Africa and Ghana leverage country branding. The book is ideal for researchers , educators and advanced students in international marketing, management, and brand strategy who are interested in the unique branding characteristics of the African continent\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Ain't no trust
Ain’t No Trust explores issues of trust and distrust among low-income women in the U.S.—at work, around childcare, in their relationships, and with caseworkers—and presents richly detailed evidence from in-depth interviews about our welfare system and why it’s failing the very people it is designed to help. By comparing low-income mothers’ experiences before and after welfare reform, Judith A. Levine probes women’s struggles to gain or keep jobs while they simultaneously care for their children, often as single mothers. By offering a new way to understand how structural factors impact the daily experiences of poor women, Ain’t No Trust highlights the pervasiveness of distrust in their lives, uncovering its hidden sources and documenting its most corrosive and paralyzing effects. Levine’s critique and conclusions hold powerful implications for scholars and policymakers alike.
eBook
Who Wants Affordable Housing in Their Backyard? An Equilibrium Analysis of Low-Income Property Development
We nonparametrically estimate spillovers of properties financed by the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) onto neighborhood residents by developing a new difference-in-differences style estimator. LIHTC development revitalizes low-income neighborhoods, increasing house prices 6.5 percent, lowering crime rates, and attracting racially and income diverse populations. LIHTC development in higher-income areas causes house price declines of 2.5 percent and attracts lower-income households. Linking these price effects to a hedonic model of preferences, LIHTC developments in low-income areas cause aggregate welfare benefits of $116 million. Affordable housing development acts like a place-based policy and can revitalize low-income communities.
Journal Article
Addressing access barriers to health services: an analytical framework for selecting appropriate interventions in low-income Asian countries
While World Health Organization member countries embraced the concept of universal coverage as early as 2005, few low-income countries have yet achieved the objective. This is mainly due to numerous barriers that hamper access to needed health services. In this paper we provide an overview of the various dimensions of barriers to access to health care in low-income countries (geographical access, availability, affordability and acceptability) and outline existing interventions designed to overcome these barriers. These barriers and consequent interventions are arranged in an analytical framework, which is then applied to two case studies from Cambodia. The aim is to illustrate the use of the framework in identifying the dimensions of access barriers that have been tackled by the interventions. The findings suggest that a combination of interventions is required to tackle specific access barriers but that their effectiveness can be influenced by contextual factors. It is also necessary to address demand-side and supply-side barriers concurrently. The framework can be used both to identify interventions that effectively address particular access barriers and to analyse why certain interventions fail to tackle specific barriers.
Journal Article
The Effects of Relationship Education in Low-Income Couples: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Evaluation Studies
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of relationship education programs in low-income couples. Background: Relationship education programs have been developed in response to family structure changes over the past few decades that have placed low-income couple sy in particular, at risk. These programs are designed to teach effective communication and problem-solving skills, which are important resources for the prevention of divorce, single parenthood, and absent fathers, and to navigate complex stepfamily constellations. Method: A systematic literature search for studies evaluating relationship education within a randomized-controlled design in low-income couples was conducted, resulting in a set of 16 eligible research reports (providing information about 48 independent studies). Weighted mean effects were calculated, and moderators of effectiveness were examined in meta-analyses of variance and metaregressions. Results: Analyses revealed a small but statistically significant mean effect of d₊ = 0.10 (SE = 0.03), which doubled when program attendance rates exceeded 50%. Effects were generally higher in less disadvantaged samples(i.e., those that were older, more educated, higher-income, and more likely to be married). Conclusion: Relationship education can have small and stable effects, especially when retention rates are high. Offering programs at the transition to parenthood is a promising strategy. Implications: More needs to be done to reach out to the most vulnerable couples and improve participation and retention rates. The present strategies are not sufficiently effective in recruiting and retaining the target population. Combining relationship education with other programs and services might be more feasible.
Journal Article
Affliction: Health, Disease, Poverty
Affliction inaugurates a novel way of understanding the trajectories of health and disease in the context of poverty. Focusing on low-income neighborhoods in Delhi, it stitches together three different sets of issues. First, it examines the different trajectories of illness: What are the circumstances under which illness is absorbed within the normal and when does it exceed the normal putting resources, relationships, and even one's world into jeopardy? A second set of issues involves how different healers understand their own practices. The astonishing range of practitioners found in the local markets in the poor neighborhoods of Delhi shows how the magical and the technical are knotted together in the therapeutic experience of healers and patients. The book asks: What is expert knowledge? What is it that the practitioner knows and what does the patient know? How are these different forms of knowledge brought together in the clinical encounter, broadly defined? How does this event of everyday life bear the traces of larger policies at the national and global levels? Finally, the book interrogates the models of disease prevalence and global programming that emphasize surveillance over care and deflect attention away from the specificities of local worlds. Yet the analysis offered retains an openness to different ways of conceptualizing \"what is happening\" and stimulates a conversation between different disciplinary orientations to health, disease, and poverty. Most studies of health and disease focus on the encounter between patient and practitioner within the space of the clinic. This book instead privileges the networks of relations, institutions, and knowledge over which the experience of illness is dispersed. Instead of thinking of illness as an event set apart from everyday life, it shows the texture of everyday life, the political economy of neighborhoods, as well as the dark side of care. It helps us see how illness is bound by the contexts in which it occurs, while also showing how illness transcends these contexts to say something about the nature of everyday life and the making of subjects.
eBook