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"Labor disputes"
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Manufacturing Martha's Madness: Enslavement, Anxiety, and Distraction in Luke 10:38-42
The story of Mary and Martha is a \"text of terror\" for women and the mentally disabled, elevating Martha as emblematic of the spiritual failure of the anxious woman. While scholarship has focused upon the precise nature of Martha's work, this article argues that whether Martha was in the kitchen or doing ministry, she was doing servile labor and incurring the \"slavish\" worry associated with such work. Attention to the socio-economic context of Martha's worry recenters the labor dispute that is at the heart of this short passage. Rather than naturalizing ancient norms about worry or continuing to use the disabled body as something to \"think with,\" this article contextualizes Martha's \"worry and distraction,\" demonstrating the ties between the female body, worry, anxiety, and enslaved labor in antiquity. Martha's worry is a disability that is manufactured by unjust labor structures that purposefully assign worry to some bodies and not others. Keywords anxiety, worry, slavery, work, disability, mental illness, Luke 10:38-42, gospel
Journal Article
Strikes around the world, 1968-2005
This unique study draws on the experience of fifteen countries around the world - South Africa, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, United States, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Covering the high and low points of strike activity over the period 1968-2005, the study shows continuing evidence of the durability, adaptability and necessity of the strike.
eBook
Application of alternative methods for resolving labor disputes at industrial enterprises under martial law
Purpose. To analyze the legal grounds for the use of alternative methods for resolving labor disputes, the advantages of each and their effectiveness. If specific methods are chosen, to propose amendments to the current legislation to resolve the problems of enterprises and employees. Methodology. The study of the problematic issues of alternative forms of labor dispute resolution was carried out through research and evaluation of Ukrainian legal acts; theoretical analyses of experts in the relevant fields; and analysis of international labor law. Findings. The authors identify the problem of irrational and therefore inefficient use of time by courts to resolve labor disputes. It is proved that these problems are multiplied by the insufficient number of judges. It is argued that employers’ ignoring the research problem has deepened the crisis in the settlement of relations with employees. The authors identify alternative forms of labor dispute resolution, including the possibility of increasing the use of mediation as a way to resolve labor disputes. Originality. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the use of alternative methods of labor dispute resolution at industrial enterprises of Ukraine under martial law was carried out. The authors identify the peculiarities of martial law’s impact on the personnel policy of large enterprises, the problem of labor shortage, and the need to adapt labor dispute resolution mechanisms to the new socio-economic conditions. The scientific understanding of the possibilities of using mediation procedures for individual and collective labor disputes has been expanded. The authors have further developed the rationale for amending the legislation of Ukraine, in particular the Law “On the Procedure for Resolving Collective Labor Disputes (Conflicts)”, by supplementing its provision on the mandatory nature of primary mediation before applying to a conciliation commission or a commission for consideration of individual labor disputes. Practical value. The introduction of mediation procedures into labor law as an alternative method for dispute resolution may become an effective tool for reconciliation of parties to labor disputes, reducing financial, time and human costs. The authors propose to supplement the Law of Ukraine “On the Procedure for Settlement of Collective Labor Disputes (Conflicts)” with a clause on the possibility of conducting a mediation procedure before raising the issue of appointing a conciliation commission.
Journal Article
Foreign Direct Investment, Regime Type, and Labor Protest in Developing Countries
We explore the relationship between FDI, regime type, and strikes in low- and middle-income countries. We argue that FDI produces social tensions and opportunities for protest that can result in higher levels of industrial conflict. However, the effect of FDI is moderated by regime type. While democracies tend to have higher levels of protest overall, they are better able than authoritarian regimes to cope with the strains arising from FDI. We cite two reasons. First, political competition forces regimes to incorporate workers, which shifts conflict from industrial relations to the political arena. Second, democracies provide workers with freedom of association rights, which facilitate institutionalized grievance resolution. We test the argument using a new dataset of labor protest in low- and middle-income countries for the period 1980—2005.
Journal Article
China's Workers Movement & the End of the Rapid-Growth Era
China's rapid economic growth period was predicated on a development model that exploited the stark divide between its urban and rural citizens. As the workshop of the world, Chinese factories tapped the vast surplus labor of the countryside. Rural worker's expectations were low, but their desire for new employment opportunities was boundless and their numbers seemed limitless. Three decades later, these conditions have changed: worker's expectations are higher and their numbers are diminishing as the population ages. Labor disputes and strikes are endemic as the expectations and aspirations of worker's outpace the nation's slowing growth rate. Compared to the anemic labor movements in the West, China's workers are emboldened, though they are still hampered by a repressive political environment and strict constraints on freedom of association. Conflict is spontaneous and settlement is ad-hoc. Like many authoritarian regimes, the Chinese Communist Party has difficulty committing to the institutionalization of labor conflict as it heightens the possibility of social empowerment. The state remains in charge, which also means that labor-capital conflict almost invariably metastasizes into a confrontation between workers and the state.
Journal Article