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Mobilities of labour and capital
\"This book explores the mobilities of capital and labour in the contemporary global economy with a particular focus on Asia. Using an analytical framework around three dimensions related to spatiality, institutional forms of governance and cultural contexts, the book uses a variety of sub-national, national and transnational sites within Asia to examine the interrelationships between capital and labour mobilities at multiple levels of analyses. It seeks to make a fundamental argument about the need to integrate labour and capital mobility in the same conceptual frame. By putting the interaction of labour and capital mobility at the centre of its analyses, it identifies the multi-level institutional actors facilitating these mobilities in diverse cultural and geographical contexts. There is a growing interest in academic, corporate and policy circles in understanding the evolving and enhanced role of Asia, especially the erstwhile developing economies, in the global political-economic environment, especially in the terms of capital accumulation and mobility, shifting demographics and labour mobility, and development of alternative institutions -- for instance, development banks, trade routes, and regional co-operation. The proposed volume, through the use of diverse geographical and cultural settings, will contribute to an understanding of these emerging realities in Asia\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Migrant Encounters
Migrant Encountersexamines what happens when migrants across Asia encounter both the restrictions and opportunities presented by state actors and policies, some that leave deep marks on migrants' own life trajectories and others that produce fragmentary, uneven traces. With a focus on those who migrate to perform intimate labor-domestic, care, and sex work-or whose own intimate and familial lives are redefined through migration, marriage, and sometimes parenthood, this volume argues that such encounters transform both migrants and the states between which they move.
Written by an international group of anthropologists, sociologists, and geographers, these essays offer richly detailed and insightful accounts of the intimate consequences of migration and the transformative effects of migrant-state encounters across Asia. Addressing a range of topics from the fate of children born to unmarried migrant mothers to the everyday negotiations of cross-border couples and migrant domestic workers, the contributors situate themselves at various points along the extensive migration routes that extend from northeast Asia all the way to the Gulf region. The authors draw on ethnographic research and policy analysis to illustrate the texture of migrants' interactions with state actors and forces. From a range of perspectives, they explore what these encounters teach us about migrant agency and the workings of state power in a region now rife with diverse forms of cross-border mobility.
Contributors: Heng Leng Chee, Nicole Constable, Sara L. Friedman, Hsiao-Chuan Hsia, Mark Johnson, Hyun Mee Kim, Pardis Mahdavi, Filippo Osella, Nobue Suzuki, Christoph Wilcke, Brenda S. A. Yeoh
eBook
The Migration of Indian Human Capital
In an increasingly globalised world manifested in greater economic integration, human capital is an important factor. One of the key sources of human capital to the global economy is India, and the main destinations for Indian professionals has been Western developed economies, the Middle East and Gulf regions and East and Southeast Asia.
Southeast Asia as a region has close historical, social and cultural linkages with India, and India has undertaken a number of initiatives under its \"Look East\" policy (LEP) to enhance ties with the Southeast Asian region. This book examines the trends and motivations of human capital flows from India into this region. Focusing in particular on Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand, the book provides an analysis of Indian labour in a variety of sectors, including information technology (IT) sector, academia, banking, oil and gas. Based on empirical data, the book provides an analysis of current trends in the flow of human capital from India to Southeast Asia. It will be of interest to policy makers, businessmen, students, analysts and academics in the field of Asian studies, foreign relations, human capital and labour migration.
Faizal Bin Yahya is a Research Fellow with the Institute of Policy Studies, a research centre at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. His current research focuses on human capital, ethnic minorities, multiculturalism, and regional linkages in the Asian region. He is the author of Economic Cooperation Between Singapore and India (Routledge 2008).
Arunajeet Kaur is a PhD student at the Australian National University, and a Research Associate at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. Her research is on the Indian diaspora in Southeast Asia including Sikh identity, flow of professional Indian immigrants, and political marginalisation of the Indian minority communities.
1. Introduction 2. Indian Source Country for Human Capital 3. Employment Market in India 4. Country Study – Indonesia 5. Country Study – Malaysia 6. Country Study – Singapore 7. Country Study – Thailand 8. Conclusion
eBook
Labour and Social Trends in ASEAN 2008
This report looks at some of the most important current labour and social trends in the ten ASEAN Member Countries and analyses the key factors that underpin long-term competitiveness and productivity.
eBook
Open Windows, Closed Doors
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has signed mutual recognition arrangements in the tourism sector and in six regulated occupations: accountancy, architecture, dentistry, engineering, medicine, and nursing. By setting standardized rules for mutual recognition, ASEAN members have made it easier forprofessionals to have their qualifi cations recognized across the region. Although these arrangements sharenearly identical objectives, not all are created equal and come with varying levels of openness to foreign professionals.
eBook
The migration of Indian human capital
This book examines the trends and motivations of human capital flows from India into this region. Focusing in particular on Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand, the book provides an analysis of Indian labour in a variety of sectors, including information technology (IT) sector, academia, banking, oil and gas. Based on empirical data, the book provides an analysis of current trends in the flow of human capital from India to Southeast Asia
Book
TRADE AND LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS: GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THE CHINA TRADE SHOCK
We develop a dynamic trade model with spatially distinct labor markets facing varying exposure to international trade. The model captures the role of labor mobility frictions, goods mobility frictions, geographic factors, and input-output linkages in determining equilibrium allocations. We show how to solve the equilibrium of the model and take the model to the data without assuming that the economy is at a steady state and without estimating productivities, migration frictions, or trade costs, which can be difficult to identify. We calibrate the model to 22 sectors, 38 countries, and 50 U.S. states. We study how the rise in China's trade for the period 2000 to 2007 impacted U.S. households across more than a thousand U.S. labor markets distinguished by sector and state. We find that the China trade shock resulted in a reduction of about 0.55 million U.S. manufacturing jobs, about 16% of the observed decline in manufacturing employment from 2000 to 2007. The U.S. gains in the aggregate, but due to trade and migration frictions, the welfare and employment effects vary across U.S. labor markets. Estimated transition costs to the new long-run equilibrium are also heterogeneous and reflect the importance of accounting for labor dynamics.
Journal Article
Labor market outcomes and reforms in China
Over the past few decades of economic reform, China's labor markets have been transformed to an increasingly market-driven system. China has two segregated economies: the rural and urban. Understanding the shifting nature of this divide is probably the key to understanding the most important labor market reform issues of the last decades and the decades ahead. From 1949, the Chinese economy allowed virtually no labor mobility between the rural and urban sectors. Rural-urban segregation was enforced by a household registration system called “hukou.” Individuals born in rural areas receive “agriculture hukou” while those born in cities are designated as “nonagricultural hukou.” In the countryside, employment and income were linked to the commune-based production system. Collectively owned communes provided very basic coverage for health, education, and pensions. In cities, state-assigned life-time employment, centrally determined wages, and a cradle-to-grave social welfare system were implemented. In the late 1970s, China's economic reforms began, but the timing and pattern of the changes were quite different across rural and urban labor markets. This paper focuses on employment and wages in the urban labor markets, the interaction between the urban and rural labor markets through migration, and future labor market challenges. Despite the remarkable changes that have occurred, inherited institutional impediments still play an important role in the allocation of labor; the hukou system remains in place, and 72 percent of China's population is still identified as rural hukou holders. China must continue to ease its restrictions on rural–urban migration, and must adopt policies to close the widening rural–urban gap in education, or it risks suffering both a shortage of workers in the growing urban areas and a deepening urban–rural economic divide.
Journal Article
The Aggregate Productivity Effects of Internal Migration
We estimate the aggregate productivity gains from reducing barriers to internal labor migration in Indonesia, accounting for worker selection and spatial differences in human capital. We distinguish between movement costs, which mean workers will move only if they expect higher wages, and amenity differences, which mean some locations must pay more to attract workers. We find modest but important aggregate impacts. We estimate a 22 percent increase in labor productivity from removing all barriers. Reducing migration costs to the US level, a high-mobility benchmark, leads to a 7.1 percent productivity boost. These figures hide substantial heterogeneity. The origin population that benefits most sees a 104 percent increase in average earnings froma complete barrier removal, or a 25 percent gain from moving to the US benchmark.
Journal Article
The Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Host Countries: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Turkey
The Syrian Conflict generated forced immigration from northern Syria to southeastern Turkey. Arrival of refugees resembles a natural experiment, which offers good opportunities to study the economic impact of immigration. I study three main outcomes: labor markets, consumer prices, and housing rents. I document moderate employment losses among native informal workers, which suggests that they are partly substituted by refugees. Prices of the items produced in informal labor intensive sectors declined due to labor cost advantages generated by refugee inflows. Finally, refugee inflows increased the rents of higher quality housing units, while there is no effect on lower quality units.
Journal Article