Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
316
result(s) for
"Labor movement Caribbean Area"
Sort by:
A Strategic Approach to the Alliance-Formation Process Between Activists and Legislators in Chile
Legislative allies are widely recognized as key to social movement success, but the emergence of their alliance with activists remains understudied. This article proposes a strategic approach to this phenomenon based on the cases of the environmental, labor, and LGBT+ movements in Chile and their allied legislators. According to this approach, an alliance emerges due to two necessary conditions. Movement organizations must display tactical capacity, which signals their adaptability and competence to participate in Congress. And a socially skilled leadership creates the trust required for movement leaders and legislators to cooperate during the lawmaking process. This approach emphasizes that alliances emerge from activists’ strategic efforts to build a social tie, whose effectiveness is mediated by legislators’ expectations and congressional norms. By specifying the strategic dimension of an alliance, this study highlights the capacity of activists to foster cooperative relations with state actors.
Journal Article
Bureaucratic Activism
This study explores the evolution of the Green Grants program, run by Brazil’s Ministry of Environment, as a means for developing the concept of bureaucratic activism. When the Workers’ Party first took office in 2003, many social movement actors joined the government, especially in that agency. After 2007, however, most of these activists left the government. At the same time, the ministry substituted thousands of temporary employees for permanent civil servants. Surprisingly, this study finds that these public employees carried forward the environmentalist cause, even when this required contesting the priorities of superiors. Examining their attitudes and practices leads to a definition of activism as the proactive pursuit of opportunities to defend contentious causes. The case study helps to develop this concept and to demonstrate that workers inside bureaucracies can engage in activist behavior. It also explores the effects of bureaucratic activism on environmental policymaking in Brazil.
Journal Article
Airport economics in Latin America and the Caribbean : benchmarking, regulation, and pricing
This report presents the findings of a first-ever, comprehensive study of how Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region airports have evolved during a notable period of transition in airport ownership. It is an unbiased, positive analysis of what happened, rather than a normative analysis of what should be done to reform and to attract private sector participation to the airport sector. It takes the first step to respond to the need for more conclusive information about the influence of airport ownership on economic performance. The report centers on the study of three dimensions of performance: productive efficiency, institutional setup for the governance of the sector, and financing. This multifaceted report uses a range of advanced quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the relationship between airport ownership and performance in the LAC region. After a comprehensive overview, chapters 1 and 2 provide the necessary background for the air transport sector and the evolution of private sector participation and investment in airport infrastructure. In chapter 3, questionnaires submitted to airport operators and regulators led to the creation of the unique data sets, which were first used to compare performance across 14 partial performance indicators, and next used to develop aggregate measures of efficiency necessary for the benchmarking exercise. In chapter 4, a qualitative study of the relationship between type of regulating agency (independent or government-led) and transparency, accountability, and bureaucracy provides insight into how recent reforms have also affected the quality of regulatory governance. Chapter 5 provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of tariff structures in the region as compared to a sample of international airports. Several important topics were not included in this report but should be the focus of future research. In particular, the evolution of the quality of services in airports deserves greater attention, as airports are increasingly becoming business centers and key gateways for trade competitiveness. The other main topic that requires detailed practical research is climate change and its relationship with the airport sector.
eBook
Accelerating trade and integration in the Caribbean : policy options for sustained growth, job creation, and poverty reduction
Unlocking Caribbean Trade Potential: Policy Options for Growth and Poverty Reduction
Is the Caribbean ready to thrive in the global market? This World Bank Country Study offers a comprehensive analysis of trade and integration challenges and opportunities in the Caribbean, providing policy options for sustained growth, job creation, and poverty reduction.
Explore strategies for:
* Accelerating trade integration and improving competitiveness
* Addressing macroeconomic and structural constraints
* Leveraging the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)
* Capitalizing on a changing international environment
For policymakers, economists, and development practitioners seeking actionable insights to shape a more prosperous Caribbean future.
eBook
Queer urban activism under state impunity
While southern Mexico’s state of Guerrero has faced rising socio-political violence and impunity for over a decade, with particular consequences for sexual and gender minorities, an LGBTTTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgender, travesti and intersex) rights movement has simultaneously emerged in the state capital, Chilpancingo, and in other cities and towns. In 2002, activists organised the state’s first Pride march in this small, peripheral Latin American city, and each year since, people have gathered for what has become an annual event in this remote place nevertheless formed by what happens in distant centres of power. Also, LGBTTTI marches, parades, drag competitions and other events meant to orient the community and state institutions towards recognition of the rights of sexual and gender minorities have extended to public spaces across the state. This article examines this incongruous actuality through a study of the photos and videos in the private collection of a local activist and professional photographer, visual data that provide a unique record of how the local LGBTTTI movement has drawn on transnationally recognisable symbols and local cultural motifs to bring attention to violence experienced by its members. Building on a dense description of this archive, this paper argues that an identity-rights-based movement can coexist with a weak state that has abdicated its responsibility to guarantee basic human rights. Through its use of urban public spaces, such a movement can convey its message and draw people together, though given the limits of state-sanctioned impunity it may opt for strategic silence on wider socio-political issues in order to make specific advances.
十多年来，墨西哥南部的格雷罗州 (Guerrero) 一直面临着不断攀升的社会政治暴力和有罪不罚现象，对性和性别少数群体造成了特别严重的后果，与此同时，在该州首府奇尔潘辛戈 (Chilpancingo) 以及其他城市和城镇，也出现了一场男女同性恋、双性恋、变性者、跨性别者、性别反串者和双性人 (LGBTTTI) 权利运动。2002年，活动家们在这个拉丁美洲边缘的小城市组织了该州的第一次骄傲游行，此后，人们每年都聚集在这个偏远的地方参加一年一度的活动，尽管这些活动是由遥远的权力中心发生的事情形成的。此外，LGBTTTI游行、示威、变装比赛和其他旨在引导社区和国家机构承认性和性别少数群体权利的活动已经扩展到全州的公共场所。本文通过对一名当地活动家兼专业摄影师私人收藏的照片和视频的研究，审视了这一不协调的现状。这些视觉数据提供了一个独特的记录，说明当地的LGBTTTI运动如何利用跨国可识别符号和当地文化主题来引起对其成员经历的暴力的关注。基于对这一档案的详尽描述，本文认为，一个基于身份权利的运动可以发生在一个在保障基本人权方面很弱的、甚至已经放弃这一责任的州。通过利用城市公共空间，这种运动可以传达其信息并将人们团结在一起，但是，由于国家认可有罪不罚带来的限制，它可能策略性地选择在更广泛的社会政治问题上保持沉默，以争取具体进展。
Journal Article
Participatory urban planning in Brazil
This paper focuses on participatory urban planning as a model of urban reform and democratic invention in Brazil. Its case material regards the formulation and implementation of two sets of urban laws of very broad consequence. First, we discuss briefly the chapter on urban policy in the 1988 Citizen Constitution and the federal law that it mandates. The latter is the Estatuto da Cidade, the City Statute, from 2001, which required that 1600 cities (approximately 30%) of Brazilian municipalities either create Master Plans or reformulate existing ones according to its principles and on the basis of popular participation. Second, we focus on Sa˜o Paulo's Master Plan (2002) and Zoning Law (2004) that fulfill this requirement and on the Plan's required revision in 2007. By examining this massive constitutionally mandated formulation of urban policy, our aim is to analyse the development of a new paradigm of urban policy that reinvents master planning.
Journal Article
Dilemmas of Co-production: How Street Waste Pickers Became Excluded from Inclusive Recycling in São Paulo
Under what conditions do collaborations between informal workers and the state in public service provision lead to socially beneficial synergies, and when might they intensify inequalities? This article, based on 14 months of ethnographic research, addresses this question through a comparative case study of two attempts to co-produce recycling services in São Paulo. The first, a grassroots organizing effort in the 1980s and 1990s, improved the incomes and conditions of hundreds of waste pickers and inspired a national upsurge of waste picker organizing. The second, an ambitious overhaul of waste management in the early 2000s, generated about 1,500 jobs but functionally excluded the very population of street waste pickers it was designed to benefit. The findings suggest that co-production is most likely to lead to pro-poor outcomes if concerted efforts are made to level inequalities between poor constituents and more powerful stakeholders during processes of policy design and implementation.
Journal Article
On the Strategic Uses of Women’s Rights
This article examines organized opposition to feminist and LGBTI political projects in Colombia. Although there is a large body of literature on feminist movements and a growing literature on LGBTI movements, there is little research on resistance to them. Through an intersectional feminist lens, this study analyzes the “anti-gender” campaign organized against the gender perspective in Colombia’s 2016 peace agreement to demonstrate the limitations of backlash theory and certain normative understandings of human rights. In contrast to assumptions that backlash is predetermined, the study demonstrates that the anti-gender mobilization against the peace agreement was circumstantial rather than inevitable. To highlight the productive nature of backlash, it traces how opponents employed human rights rhetoric to establish an alternative present and promote an imagined future rooted in exclusion and repression. In addition, it shows that mobilized backlash against feminist and LGBTI movements does not necessarily decelerate or reverse the respective movements’ agendas.
Journal Article
On Lula and His Politics of Cunning
Class Conflict and Alliances in Modern São Paulo, he examined the complicated history of labor organization and the struggles of the working-class left in the first half of the twentieth century; in his second book, he took a deep dive into Brazilian labor law. [...]both life stories also generated mistrust among those for whom the rise of a black man with a Kenyan father, or of a metalworker whose formal schooling ended in primary school, were sources of scorn or of fear. Because he found speaking up in meetings difficult, he took classes in speech and oratory. [...]the price of such maneuvering was that the led might think the leader suspect, so it was essential that they believe in the leader’s integrity, commitment, and loyalty.
Journal Article