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"Lagoons"
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Goodnight lagoon : a Goodnight moon parody
A young mermaid bids goodnight to all of the objects in her lagoon before falling asleep.
Book
Design of Close-Fit Liners for the Rehabilitation of Gravity Pipes
This book, MOP 145, provides a comprehensive source of information on the design of flexible, close-fit linings for the renewal or rehabilitation of pipes designed for gravity flow such as sanitary sewers, culverts, and storm sewers.Introductory topics discussed include pipe-soil structure interaction, condition assessment and inspection methods, and lining options, but the main focus is on the thickness design of close-fit flexible liners. This design is based on a closed-form solution, which takes into account both the current shape of the host structure as well as the potential imperfections of the liner (annular gap) and of the host structure (cracks or fractures). The design solutions presented can be used for circular and noncircular geometries such as pipe-arch shapes, egg shapes, elliptical shaped pipes (both horizontal and vertical), box shaped pipes (both rectangular and square), and other, undefined site-specific shapes. MOP 145 will provide guidance to consulting engineers tasked with designing flexible close-fit liners for rehabilitation of existing gravity pipe applications.
eBook
Heavy metal content and potential ecological risk assessment of sediments from Khnifiss Lagoon National Park (Morocco)
Coastal lagoons are important but sensitive environments, being transitional zones between land and sea. The Khnifiss lagoon is the most important desert wetland in Morocco, but little data have been produced concerning heavy metal geochemistry and enrichments in the sediments. Therefore, 26 surface sediments (15 intertidal and 11 subtidal) and 2 sediment cores were collected in 2016 and analyzed for a selection of heavy metals. The data were processed to assess the degree of contamination and the corresponding potential ecological risk, using several accumulation/enrichment indices, and the singular and multi-metal risk indices. Mean concentrations in the bottom layers of the two cores, dating from a pre-industrial age according to geochronological analysis, were used as the local geochemical background. The resulting values were on the whole lower than those reported for other areas of the northeastern coast of Morocco. Multivariate statistics were also applied to better understand relationships among variables (metals and other geochemical parameters) and to reveal similarities among sample groups. The results showed that, although the lagoon is not yet affected by significant anthropogenic influences, small enrichments can be recognized, especially for Ni and Cd. The cause may be related to the proximity to the main national highway, the vehicles and machinery used in the saltworks located in the area, and the small harbors used principally for fishing. In addition, industrial emissions from the Atlantic coast of Morocco and adjacent countries can be reasonably attributed as additional contributors to the enrichments. In terms of potential ecological risk, Cd shows the greatest impact compared to the other metals investigated.
Journal Article
Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × 104 to 1.49 × 108 MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials.
Journal Article
From ecological functions to ecosystem services: linking coastal lagoons biodiversity with human well-being
In this review we highlight the relevance of biodiversity that inhabit coastal lagoons, emphasizing how species functions foster processes and services associated with this ecosystem. We identified 26 ecosystem services underpinned by ecological functions performed by bacteria and other microbial organisms, zooplankton, polychaetae worms, mollusks, macro-crustaceans, fishes, birds, and aquatic mammals. These groups present high functional redundancy but perform complementary functions that result in distinct ecosystem processes. Because coastal lagoons are located in the interface between freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the ecosystem services provided by the biodiversity surpass the lagoon itself and benefit society in a wider spatial and historical context. The species loss in coastal lagoons due to multiple human-driven impacts affects the ecosystem functioning, influencing negatively the provision of all categories of services (i.e., supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural). Because animals’ assemblages have unequal spatial and temporal distribution in coastal lagoons, it is necessary to adopt ecosystem-level management plans to protect habitat heterogeneity and its biodiversity, ensuring the provision of services for human well-being to multi-actors in the coastal zone.
Journal Article
Impact of climate change on the coastal water temperature of lagoons in the southern Baltic Sea in the period 1951–2020
The study examines long-term trends in water surface temperature (WST) in the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons within the southern Baltic Sea from 1951 to 2020. Based on in situ data, temperature variability was assessed using both parametric linear regression and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. The results reveal a statistically significant increase in water temperatures, particularly during spring and winter. The average warming rate reached 0.23°C and 0.26°C per decade in the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons, respectively. A strong correlation ( = 0.60–0.93) was observed between air and surface water temperature. Extreme temperature events are becoming more frequent, with the lowest percentile values rising markedly over time. Winter temperatures exceeding 3°C are now common, and ice cover has diminished or disappeared. These trends highlight the regional impacts of climate change on coastal lagoon ecosystems and their seasonal dynamics. The findings provide valuable insights for future monitoring and management of vulnerable brackish water environments.
Journal Article