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Builders and planners : a history of land-use and infrastructure planning in the Netherlands
This book looks at the intersection of Dutch infrastructure builders and Dutch spatial planners, both of whom have historically desired to order Dutch space. From the professionalization of builders and planners in the 1920s, when they first sought to leave their mark on the design of the land, to the subsequent transition from urban to regional and national spatial planning, and the groups' increasingly public roles in the 1950s and '60s, Builders and Planners is a story of collaboration and conflict, of coalitions and opposition between two expert groups working in the Dutch space. Also including case studies of particular construction projects that shed light on the difficult path from plan to completion, as well as offering insight into the unique nature of planning in the Netherlands through detailed comparison with Belgium, Builders and Planners provides new and fascinating perspectives on the history of Dutch planning and planners.
Book
Agricultural Land Conversion, Land Economic Value, and Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia
Agricultural land conversion (ALC) is an incentive-driven process. In this paper, we further investigate the inter-relationship between land economic value (LEV) and ALC. To achieve this goal, we calculated the LEV for agricultural and non-agricultural (housing) uses in two areas of East Java, Indonesia. The first area represents peri-urban agriculture, which is facing rapid urbanization and experiencing a high rate of ALC. The second area represents rural agriculture, with zero ALC. Furthermore, we identified factors affecting LEV in both areas for both uses. The results of this study show that agricultural land yielded a higher economic benefit in rural areas. Conversely, compared to agricultural land, housing in urban areas yields a value that is seven times higher. Moreover, agricultural land was shown to yield a higher profit after conversion. Ironically, a similar comparison does not exist in rural areas. Agricultural land yielded a value that was only 19% higher, indicating that agricultural land can easily be converted. This is also proven by the growing number of new urban cores in the periphery area. There are several factors affecting land economic value, such as agricultural use, soil fertility, accessibility, and cropping pattern, which are important variables. Meanwhile, the accessibility and location of peri-urban areas increase the land value for housing.
Journal Article
Uncommon ground : why our relationship with the land needs a radical rethink
Much is made of open access in Scotland, but what is the reality of the policy in practice, and should England and Wales embrace it? The largest demonstration about land access since the 1930s took place on Dartmoor in 2023. It was organised by the Right to Roam Campaign, which has become a powerful voice in England and Wales - clamouring for open access for all to every acre. In this book, Patrick Galbraith takes us on a tour of the British countryside to investigate the reality of open access - what are the rewards and what are the risks? He follows threads from Dartmoor to London, explores Loch Lomond in Scotland, where the right to wild camping had to be withdrawn due to widespread misuse, and alongside leading Right to Roamer Guy Shrubsole, he visits conservation projects endangered by the R2R campaign.
BOOK
The great urban transformation : politics of land and property in China
This book emphasizes the centrality of cities in China's ongoing transformation. Based on fieldwork in twenty-four Chinese cities between 1996 and 2007, the author forwards an analysis of the relations between the city, the state, and society through two novel concepts: urbanization of the local state and civic territoriality. Urbanization of the local state is a process of state power restructuring entailing an accumulation regime based on the commodification of state-owned land, the consolidation of territorial authority through construction projects, and a policy discourse dominated by notions of urban modernity. Civic territoriality encompasses the politics of distribution engendered by urban expansionism, and social actors' territorial strategies toward self-protection. Findings are based on observations in three types of places. In the inner city of major metropolitan centers, municipal governments battle high-ranking state agencies to secure land rents from redevelopment projects, while residents mobilize to assert property and residential rights. At the urban edge, as metropolitan governments seek to extend control over their rural hinterland through massive-scale development projects, villagers strategize to profit from the encroaching property market. At the rural fringe, township leaders become brokers of power and property between the state bureaucracy and villages, while large numbers of peasants are dispossessed, dispersed, and deterritorialized; their mobilizational capacity is consequently undermined.
eBook
Market Impacts on Land-Use Change: An Agent-Based Experiment
Land-use change in a market economy, particularly at the urban-rural fringe in North America, is shaped through land and housing markets. Although market activities are at the core of economic studies of land-use change, many market elements are neglected by coupled human-environment models. We scrutinized the effects of the level of detail of market representation using an abstract, agent-based model of land-use change. This model includes agents representing land buyers and sellers and their respective market-based decision-making behaviors. Our results show that although incorporating key market elements, particularly budget constraints and competitive bidding, in land-use models generally alters projected land-use patterns, their impacts differ significantly depending on the level of detail of market representation. Consistent with theories of land change, our research confirms that budget constraints can considerably reduce the projected quantity of land-use change. The effects of competitive bidding, however, are more complex and depend on buyers' budgets, their relative preferences for proximity versus open-space amenities, and the size of neighborhoods. Market competition might reduce or increase the quantity of land-use change and the degree of sprawl in the simulated landscapes. Because of the strong effects of market elements on resulting patterns, adequate representation of the structure of markets is important for capturing and characterizing the complexity inherent in coupled human-environment systems.
Journal Article
Land Economic Efficiency and Improvement of Environmental Pollution in the Process of Sustainable Urbanization: Case of Eastern China
Economic development, environmental protection and land resources are important components in sustainable cities. According to the environmental Kuznets curve, developing countries are prone to environmental pollution problems while developing their economies. At the same time, as urbanization progresses, the problem of inadequate land resources and land use efficiency in China is coming to the fore. Although China is a developing country, it began to actively implement environmental protection measures years ago in an effort to transform itself into an innovative country. Therefore, as an economic and policy pioneer region, can eastern China benefit from all three aspects of land–economy–environment at the same time? Or will the increase in land economic efficiency (Land_EcoE) and the improvement of environmental pollution occur simultaneously? With the characteristics of land use efficiency and other concepts, this study combines economic factors and land factors to establish a Land_EcoE evaluation system. On the basis of mapping the spatio-temporal evolution of carbon emissions and Land_EcoE, and discussing the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and correlation between them initially and visually by means of geographic data visualization, this study uses the data of 84 prefecture-level cities and municipalities directly under the central government in eastern China from 2011 to 2017 to test the research hypotheses from a quantitative perspective. Specifically, this study analyzes the correlation between Land_EcoE and environmental pollution by constructing a panel regression model. The conclusions show that, in general, the increase in Land_EcoE in eastern China is associated with the increase in carbon emissions. For a group of prefecture-level cities with the most developed economies in eastern China, the increase in Land_EcoE is correlated with the decrease in carbon emissions. Based on this research, this study proposes a series of policy implications on how to promote simultaneous economic–land–environmental benefits.
Journal Article
Institutions in Theories of Land Markets: Illustrated by the Dutch Market for Agricultural Land
Theories of land markets should be intellectually sound and should be able to explain and predict market outcomes, such as price and volume of transactions, changes in these and locations of different land uses. Theories based on neo-classical economics, which largely ignore the role of institutions, are not intellectually sound because it is known that markets cannot work without institutions. Nor do these theories predict outcomes satisfactorily. Moreover, they assume market mechanisms and do not investigate them critically. This paper explores how institutions may be taken into account in theories of land markets and whether that leads to better theories both of market outcomes and of market processes. New institutional economics provides the tools to investigate how the interactions between market actors are influenced by institutions. And the 'old' institutional economics emphasises how institutions influence the motivations and preferences of those actors. The conclusion is that there cannot be a general theory of land markets, only theories with a limited applicability and scope. Such theories can be used to explain the effects of small changes and to predict the effects of marginal changes in institutions. In that latter use, these theories can be used for designing land policy. How institutions can be incorporated into theory is illustrated by analysing the Dutch market for agricultural land. This shows how institutions affect the outcomes in that market and the consequences for the transformation of land from agriculture to urban use.
Journal Article