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"Land reform Zimbabwe History 20th century."
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Debating the Land Question in Africa
In February 2000, twenty years after their victories brought Rhodesia's ruling white regime to the conference table, veterans of Zimbabwe's war of liberation began to occupy some of the large privately owned commercial farms that controlled Zimbabwe's most valuable land. During the next few weeks, thousands of people followed suit: by May, nearly a third of the country's large-scale commercial farms had been seized (New York Times, 27 May 2000; Moyo 1998). Armed with a court order, landowners demanded that the “squatters” be evicted, but the police demurred, and President Mugabe refused to order them to carry out the court's instructions. A few weeks earlier, voters had rejected a proposed constitutional amendment that would have strengthened the President's powers to seize white-owned land, without compensation, for redistribution to land-hungry blacks. Angry over the deteriorating economy, rising levels of corruption, and Zimbabwe's costly involvement in Congo's civil war, a majority of those who voted were unwilling to increase the President's powers, even if they supported the cause of land reform. When the veterans took matters into their own hands, Mugabe lost no time in associating with their cause. He, in turn, was accused by Western governments, the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, and the international press, of sacrificing the rule of law in order to save his own political skin.
Journal Article
Agricultural land redistribution : toward greater consensus
A comprehensive analysis of agricultural land redistribution in developing countries. Despite centuries of land reform, inequalities persist. Agricultural Land Redistribution examines the economic and policy aspects of land redistribution, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners. This volume:
* Addresses land inequality and poverty reduction
* Explores land tenure systems and property rights
* Analyzes market-based approaches and expropriation
* Examines community participation and sustainable agriculture
This insightful resource is for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in agriculture and rural development seeking to achieve greater consensus on effective land reform strategies. Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize, Camille Bourguignon, and Rogier J. E. van den Brink present a valuable contribution to a critical area of development.
eBook
Communal Land Rights in Zimbabwe as State Sanction and Social Control: A Narrative
This article takes a historical approach to argue that communal lands in Zimbabwe are a construct inherited from colonial days (prior to 1980) which governments in post-colonial Zimbabwe have found convenient to maintain rather than dismantle. The construct is not only a convenient framework for the delivery of collective consumption goods but in turn it enables the government to subtly use communal lands as a framework for social control, especially in terms of urban management. The continued existence of communal land areas and land rights also sustains processes of social control at the household level. However, these are issues that will not receive attention in land debates as long as the larger problem of redistribution of large-scale commercial farms remains unresolved. Cet article adopte un point de vue historique pour affirmer qu'au Zimbabwe les terres communautaires sont un concept hérité de la période coloniale (avant 1980) que les gouvernements postcoloniaux du Zimbabwe ont jugé plus commode de conserver que de démanteler. Ce concept n'est pas seulement un cadre pratique de distribution de biens de consommation collective, il permet aussi au gouvernement d'utiliser subtilement les terres communautaires comme cadre de controle social, notamment en termes de gestión urbaine. Le maintien des terres communautaires et des droits afférents à ces terres soutient également les processus de controle social au niveau des ménages. Cependant, ces questions ne vont pas retenir l'attention dans les débats consacrés à la terre tant que le problème plus vaste de la redistribution des grandes exploitations agricoles commerciales n'est pas résolu.
Journal Article