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Municipal solid waste management and landfilling technologies: a review
The USA, China and India are the top three producers of municipal solid waste. The composition of solid wastes varies with income: low-to-middle-income population generates mainly organic wastes, whereas high-income population produces more waste paper, metals and glasses. Management of municipal solid waste includes recycling, incineration, waste-to-energy conversion, composting or landfilling. Landfilling for solid waste disposal is preferred in many municipalities globally. Landfill sites act as ecological reactors where wastes undergo physical, chemical and biological transformations. Hence, critical factors for sustainable landfilling are landfill liners, the thickness of the soil cover, leachate collection, landfill gas recovery and flaring facilities. Here, we review the impact of landfill conditions such as construction, geometry, weather, temperature, moisture, pH, biodegradable matter and hydrogeological parameters on the generation of landfill gases and leachate. Bioreactor landfills appear as the next-generation sanitary landfills, because they augment solid waste stabilization in a time-efficient manner, as a result of controlled recirculation of leachate and gases. We discuss volume reduction, resource recovery, valorization of dumped wastes, environmental protection and site reclamation toward urban development. We present the classifications and engineered iterations of landfills, operations, mechanisms and mining.
Journal Article
From landfill gas to energy : technologies and challenges
\"A comprehensive description of technologies available for converting old landfills to energy producers, and capturing the green house gases emitting from them. Its key assets are the case studies of successful landfill gas (LFG) recovery for energy projects around the world, and that it highlights why this has not been done in many more landfills around the world. Technical, financial, and social challenges facing the conversion of landfills to energy producers will be detailed, and solutions offered to either remine the landfill for recovering useful land (as is planned in dense urban areas of India) or close them properly while recovering the methane for energy use. Intended as a guide with background information and instructive tools to educate, guide and establish a basis for decision-making, technical feasibility assessment, economic assessment, and market evaluation of all aspects necessary for developing successful LFG management projects. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Regenerative infrastructures : Freshkills Park, NYC : Land Art Generator Initiative
\"Formerly a symbol of immense urban waste, the Fresh Kills Landfill is being transformed into an enormous parkland destined to exemplify the values of ecological restoration and environmental sustainability. In partnership with the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation, the Land Art Generator Initiative held an ideas competition for a site-specific public artwork designed to operate as a source of clean energy for the city utility grid, using Freshkills Park as the design site. This volume features many of the top submissions to that open call, each with the capacity to power hundred of homes. The Land Art Generator Initiative creates sustainable design solutions that integrate art and technology into renewable energy infrastructure around the world. Regenerative Infrastructures draws a much needed connection between the two critical issues of sustainable development--energy generation and waste management--highlighting solutions that address both problems at once, thereby creating economically beneficial hybrid utility installations.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Weigted Linear Combination (WLC) Analysis Using GIS in Determining Garbage Landfill on Bunaken Island Using an Environmental Health Approach
Islands in developing countries usually lack access to adequate waste management services, leading to the accumulation of trash in public areas. Coastal environments are susceptible to natural and physical changes that cause environmental degradation, including the presence of waste pollution. The aims of this research was to conduct a feasibility analysis to determine the site of a landfill on Bunaken Island in Manado City. Data will be obtained between August to October 2022 from various primary and secondary sources using the following techniques: maps and population data from related agencies, articles, laws and journals. Allowance analysis using the Weigted Linear Combination (WLC) method by scoring based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-3241-1994 with adjustments to island characteristics. Field observation and distribution of questionnaires to anonymous respondents as many as 178 samples by purposive sampling method to see potential health problems using univariate tests. Results the feasibility analysis for opt-outs at 2 feasible zone locations with area 1 (3.40 Ha) and 2 (0.45 Ha), the results of the feasibility analysis for opt-outs were given a score of 168 with a low predicate, the community's positive response to the existence of TPA was 52.25% and 8.43% of respondents suffered from diarrheal disease, waste is not a potential health problem on Bunaken Island. Conclusionto overcome the waste problem by having 2 recommendations for feasible zones with varying areas, implementing the utilization of local waste and marine waste both organic and inorganic from waste sources in the 3R manner before being taken to the landfill.
Journal Article
Paradise falls : the true story of an environmental catastrophe
Lois Gibbs, Luella Kenny, and Barbara Quimby thought they had found a slice of the American dream when they and their families moved onto the quiet streets of Love Canal, a picturesque middle-class hamlet by Niagara Falls in the winter of 1977, the town had record snowfalls, and in the spring, rains filled the earth with water like a sponge and the basements of the neighbourhood's homes with a pungent odour. It was the sweet, synthetic smell of chemicals. Then, one by one, the children of the more than 800 families that made Love Canal their home started getting very sick. In this propulsive work of narrative reportage, Keith O'Brien uncovers how Lois, Luella, Barbara and other local mothers uncovered the poisonous secret of Love Canal - that they were living on the site where industrial employer Hooker Chemical had been dumping toxic waste for years, and covering it up.
Book
Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environment and Human Health
Totaling at 7.4 billion people, the world’s population is rapidly growing, bringing along with it an increase in waste generation. The impact of this exponential increase in waste generation has resulted in the increased formation and utilization of landfills. In the present day, landfills are utilized to dispose of chemical, hazardous, municipal, and electronic wastes. However, despite their convenience, most landfills are improperly managed and face constant changes from the surrounding environment that interfere with their internal landfill processes. The objectives of this mixed review are to highlight the negative impacts landfills have on the environment and public health as well as outline the need for proper management practices to mitigate these effects. Inadequate management of landfills leads to issues concerning leachate collection and landfill gas (LFG) generation, which give rise to groundwater contamination and air pollution. This paper recognizes the disadvantages of utilizing landfills as the main disposal method by focusing on these two primary effects that improper management of landfills has on the environment and human health. Many experts have also reported that communities within close proximity to improperly managed landfills have an increased risk of health issues. Apart from implementing proper landfill management practices, it is important to develop solutions to reduce waste generation altogether. This review discusses some of the innovative methods implemented by other countries to reduce landfill waste and the production of greenhouse gases as well as possible steps individuals can take to minimize their ecological footprints.
Journal Article