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"Language Patterns"
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Family language patterns in bilingual families and relationships with children’s language outcomes
Past research shows that family language patterns (i.e., which languages are spoken in the family and by whom) are associated with bilingual children’s language use. However, it is unclear how input properties such as input quantity, parental proficiency, and language mixing may differ across family language patterns. It is also unclear whether the effects of family language patterns on children’s language proficiency remain when differences in input properties are controlled. We investigated (i) which family language patterns occurred in bilingual families in the Netherlands (n = 136), (ii) whether input properties differed across patterns, and (iii) how patterns related to children’s proficiency, once input properties were controlled. Home language situations were assessed through a questionnaire, children’s proficiency in Dutch and the minority language through vocabulary tests and parent ratings. Three language patterns were found: one-parent-one-language, both parents mixed languages or used the minority language. The results showed differences in input properties across all patterns, as well as effects of these patterns on children’s proficiency in Dutch and the minority language that disappeared once input properties were controlled. These findings do not provide robust evidence that family language patterns predict children’s proficiency, but rather, that input quantity is crucial.
Journal Article
Developing Strategies to Improve Textbook Design Using Synergy of Native and Learner Corpora
The research aims to enhance the handling of modal verbs (MVs) in EFL textbooks by leveraging perspectives from corpora that include both native speakers’ language data and the language data of individuals who are learning the language. To assess the authenticity of language in textbooks, an analysis between the native corpus and a collection of language data compiled from textbook is conducted. The research delves into the developmental patterns of MV usage among learners through a stratified analysis of student essays (Grades 7, 8, 9). Comparisons between learner patterns and a graded textbook series are made to ascertain potential correlations. A novel aspect of the examination explores how the salience and complexity of L2 forms and functions shape the impact of EFL textbooks on learner production. Findings reveal significant differences in the use of MVs between EFL textbooks and the British National Corpus (BNC). Moreover, analysis of student essays indicates a substantial influence of textbooks on learners’ MV usage. The study proposes strategies to enhance EFL textbook design, advocating for authenticity and learner-centric approaches. Utilizing native and learner corpora facilitates targeted instruction, addressing common errors and challenges. The incorporation of authentic language examples from the native corpus is recommended to expose learners to real-world language use. This research underscores the significance of integrating native and learner corpora insights in EFL textbook design, ultimately fostering more effective language learning outcomes.
Journal Article
Design patterns in modern C++ : reusable approaches for object-oriented software design
Apply modern C++17 to the implementations of classic design patterns. As well as covering traditional design patterns, this book fleshes out new patterns and approaches that will be useful to C++ developers. The author presents concepts as a fun investigation of how problems can be solved in different ways, along the way using varying degrees of technical sophistication and explaining different sorts of trade-offs. \"Design patterns in modern C++\" also provides a technology demo for modern C++, showcasing how some of its latest features (e.g., coroutines) make difficult problems a lot easier to solve. The examples in this book are all suitable for putting into production, with only a few simplifications made in order to aid readability. You will: Apply design patterns to modern C++ programming ; Use creational patterns of builder, factories, prototype and singleton ; Implement structural patterns such as adapter, bridge, decorator, facade and more ; Work with the behavioral patterns such as chain of responsibility, command, iterator, mediator and more ; Apply functional design patterns such as Monad and more.
Book
The use of a second language enhances the neural efficiency of inhibitory control: An ERP study
This study investigated how natural language use influences inhibition in language-unbalanced bilinguals. We experimentally induced natural patterns of language use (as proposed by the Adaptive Control Hypothesis) and assessed their cognitive after-effects in a group of 32 Polish–English bilinguals. Each participant took part in a series of three language games involving real conversation. Each game was followed by two inhibition tasks (stop-signal task and Stroop task). The manipulation of language use in the form of language games did not affect the behavioural measures, but it did affect ERPs. Performance of the inhibition tasks was accompanied by a reduction of P3 and the N450 amplitude differences after games involving the use of L2. The ERP modulations suggest that for bilinguals living in an L1 context the use of L2 enhances neural mechanisms related to inhibition. The study provides the first evidence for a direct influence of natural language use on inhibition.
Journal Article
A comparative analysis of selected recommendations of the feng shui school of form, Alexander et al.’s pattern language, and findings of environmental psychology
Feng shui is a traditional Chinese art of creating a supportive living environment. Despite many research contributions on feng shui, very few verify (comparatively or experimentally) the actual effectiveness of feng shui recommendations. Even the architectural profession has never clearly denied its opinion on feng shui. is comparative analysis seeks to determine whether 118 selected feng shui school of form recommendations are consistent with the recommendations of Alexander et al.’s pattern language and with selected findings in environmental psychology. The results support this, showing that 34% of the recommendations (or forty recommendations out of 118 in total) are consistent with pattern language and that 45% (or fifty-three recommendations) are fully or partially consistent with the findings of environmental psychology. Altogether, more than half of the recommendations (57%, or sixty-seven recommendations) are consistent (indirectly confirmed) by one or the other knowledge system, which means that it is very likely that these recommendations will actually have the promised impact on users of physical space. Twenty-seven feng shui recommendations (or 23% out of the 118) are doubly consistent, of which most are related to the five-animals feng shui model, the importance of the presence of water and natural light in the living environment, and the importance of the main entrance. The bulk of the recommendations, which remain unaddressed, relate to the Chinese concept of living energy, or qi.
Journal Article
Investigating Media-User Interaction for Public Play Space in a Smart City
The problem of focusing only on the efficiency of an ICTs’ digital convergence in technology-oriented smart city construction has been raised. To address this problem, Plan Smart City Comprehensive Plan is in progress, excluding play spaces in public spaces where the city and users communicate directly or indirectly. In addition, when looking at Christopher Alexander’s 253 pattern languages, which many scholars and experts consider as a study guide for urban planning projects, there is no design alternative for ICTs’ digital convergence for future smart cities. Therefore, in this study, we propose a 4th plan model for ICTs’ future smart city development regarding digital technology and a place-oriented digilog strategic plan. This model proposal is applied to an actual project where the user and the space can interact based on the user’s behavior analysis using the keywords of participation, sharing, and cooperation in the public play space. This study aims to verify the rational method of the ICTs’ smart city Future 4th plan model alternative. There is a strategic plan for ICTs’ participatory media user interaction in a public play space in which: 1. the way people behave in the space; 2. the way people interact with the space; 3. the way people accept the actions of others for entertainment and enjoyment. This study can contribute as a strategic plan for ICTs’ participatory media-user interaction in a public play space; it can contribute to the rational design of the presentation of digilog strategic planning.
Journal Article
Bilingual language experience as a multidimensional spectrum: Associations with objective and subjective language proficiency
Despite the multifactorial space of language experience in which people continuously vary, bilinguals are often dichotomized into ostensibly homogeneous groups. The timing of language exposure (age of acquisition) to a second language (L2) is one well-studied construct that is known to impact language processing, cognitive processing, and brain organization, but recent work shows that current language exposure is also a crucial determinant in these domains. Critically, many indices of bilingual experience are inherently subjective and based on self-report questionnaires. Such measures have been criticized in favor of objective measures of language ability (e.g., naming ability or verbal fluency). Here, we estimate the bilingual experience jointly as a function of multiple continuous aspects of experience, including the timing of language exposure, the amount of L2 exposure across communicative contexts, and language entropy (a flexible measure of language balance) across communicative contexts. The results suggest that current language exposure exhibits distinct but interrelated patterns depending on the socio-experiential context of language usage. They also suggest that, counterintuitively, our sample more accurately self-assesses L2 proficiency than native language proficiency. A precise quantification of the multidimensional nature of bilingualism will enhance the ability of future research to assess language processing, acquisition, and control.
Journal Article