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This paper addresses one of the central issues in Paul Maas’s Textual Criticism: the problem of determining the dependence of one textual witness on another. It begins by examining the three definitions of descriptus – material evidence, the exclusion of independent tradition, and latent evidence  –, and then illustrates each definition with specific examples drawn from the manuscript traditions of John the Deacon’s Vita Gregorii, and Anselm of Laon’s Glosae super Iohannem.

Using the poems of John Scottus Eriugena as a case study, the author aims to show that glossaries that preserve the lemmata and glosses of a text in the same order as that of a codex unicus of the work can be used to construct the common exemplar from which the entries of the glossary and the text of the codex unicus derive. Thus, at least for Medieval Latin texts, glosses can be an essential component of the recensio codicum. The author argues further that where a dating order of poems can be established (as in the case under consideration), such constitutes evidence of editorial management on the part of the author or an associate.

Recent scholarship has shown a revived interest in twelfth-century biblical commentaries and exegesis, particularly in and around Laon. In this essay, we argue that a certain kind of exegetical world was being forged in twelfth-century Laon which prepared the way for the widespread success of the Glossa ordinaria, both as a book form and as a bearer of certain theological ideas and exegetical techniques. Based on our examination of the manuscript evidence, two main versions of the Matthew Gloss are discernible in that century. This discovery makes it possible for scholars to reconstruct a primitive version of the Gloss which existed prior to the one used by Comestor and others, should such an edition be deemed useful. By examining the relationship between pre-Glossa ordinaria glossed manuscripts of Matthew and various stand-alone commentaries like Cum post ascensionem, our work clarifies existing understandings of how the Matthew Gloss originated and developed. Although the Gloss initially drew from patristic and Carolingian sources and contemporary masters, the mise-en-page of the gloss-form invited continued modification, with later scribes adding or subtracting material and interweaving their own insights with received tradition. As masters, students, and scribes glossed manuscripts of Matthew from Laon near and far, they left a lasting impact on how Latin Christendom read, studied, discussed, preached from, copied, and wrote in their Bibles.

West examines some especially revealing evidence from late 9th-century northern Francia for the relations between a Frankish bishop, Hincmar of Laon, and his secular followers. He provides an opportunity to consider more closely what historians mean by lordship, and how, and when, they should use the term, and to weigh up the implications involved. He also concentrates on English-language work, as cognate words in other languages have distinctive traditions and connotations, though these linguistic barriers have been very far from impermeable.

Il saggio si propone di testimoniare l’esistenza di una categoria di finzioni nel diritto medievale sinora poco indagata dalla storiografia giuridica: le finzioni dei canoni. Partendo dall’analisi di una articolata glossa al Decretum Gratiani, risalente al 1170 ca., l’articolo cerca di approfondire i seguenti temi: l’influenza del dibattito sulla finzione portato avanti dalla teologia francese del secolo XII, sul diritto canonico; la finzione canonica come strumento per evidenziare i casi di non coincidenza tra intenzione soggettiva e risultato oggettivo; l’interazione della finzione soggettiva con un’idea medievale di natura soggettiva, opposta ai caratteri oggettivi della natura e della finzione nel diritto romano; il contributo della finzione dei canoni all’idea di plenitudo potestatis duecentesca, sullo sfondo delle tesi di Ernst Kantorowicz.

ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: L'auteur présente le raccord d'un fragment d'une stèle funéraire attique du Musée national archéologique d'Athènes inv. 1141 avec la stèle funéraire du Musée municipal de Laon inv. 37.1193. La nouvelle stèle Athènes-Laon, avec les noms d'Hèdisté et de Plathanè, est datée de la décennie 340-330. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The author presents the join of a fragment of an Attic grave stele in the National Archaeological Museum at Athens inv. 1141 with a grave stele in the Municipal Museum at Laon inv. 37.1193. The new Athens-Laon stele, with the names of Hediste and Plathane, is dated to the decade 340-330.

The city of Laon, about seventy-five miles northeast of Paris, sits on a butte—Herman of Tournai calls it a mountain—that rises dramatically three hundred feet from the surrounding plains. It lies in the southern part of the region of Picardy.¹ Settled in pre-Roman times, by the early twelfth century Laon was a prosperous market town, a center of trade in grains, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables, and wine. It was also a center of communication, religion, and learning. The seat of a bishop since the late fifth century, Laon was home to one of the most famous schools

In Alastor and Laon and Cythna, Shelley translates his ‘feelings and opinions’ into poetry that draws strongly on his personal experiences without resorting to crude confession. Reading Shelley’s letter to Thomas Jefferson Hogg at the end of August 1815 in the light of Alastor, and Shelley’s letter to Mary Godwin on 28 October 1814 in the context of Laon and Cythna, this chapter traces how the pressure of biography, the role of the poet, and how the letters might inform the poetry, become vitally important to Alastor and Laon and Cythna as Shelley seeks to refigure his life in his poetry.

[...] yook hwe, the dish of raw, hand-slivered beef tossed with Korean pear and sesame oil, is reinterpreted as a kind of sashimi -- the same beef tightly wrapped in transparent slices of daikon; radish sprouts and slender spears of pear protrude from each of the thumb-size cylinders, which are also capped with a raw quail-egg yolk apiece.