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Muscle cell lines serve as valuable models for investigating mechanisms underlying muscle proliferation and differentiation. This study aimed to characterize proteomic changes during passage progression in a muscle cell line derived from Lates calcarifer. Comparative proteomic analysis was performed between Passage 3 (P3) and Passage 20 (P20) using label-free LC–MS/MS. Data were processed using MaxQuant, and proteins were identified against the Lates calcarifer UniProt database using the Andromeda search engine. Proteins identified with more than two unique peptides (454 proteins) were used for expression analysis. To further support these findings, immunocytochemistry was conducted to assess the expression of myogenic proteins MyoD and PAX7 at both passages. A total of 454 proteins were identified across two different passages. Hierarchical clustering of the top 25 differentially expressed proteins (fold change ≥1.5) revealed distinct expression patterns. The volcano plot highlighted key proteins, including Peroxiredoxin-1, Filamin A, Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and a non-selective voltage-gated ion channel. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of lyase activity in P3, whereas P20 proteins were associated with carbon metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed networks related to ribosomal structure, translation, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways. Immunocytochemistry showed more Pax7 immunolabeled cells in P3 and more MyoD immunolabeled cells in P20. This study provides the first proteomic profile of Lates calcarifer SBM cells, highlighting molecular changes associated with the transition from proliferation to differentiation and offering a foundation for future in vitro studies.

The olfactory organ of the barramundi Lates calcarifer has an anterior nostril in the form of a short forward-facing tube, a posterior nostril without a valve, an olfactory rosette of a arrow-shaped type located on the medial side of the olfactory cavity, and two ventilation sacs. The nostrils are separated by a nasal bridge without a veliform ridge, the relative width of the bridge decreases with age of the fish. The olfactory lamellae fill the entire olfactory cavity, in juveniles with a body length of 4.9–6.8 cm there are 15–19 of them, in males at first maturity with a body length of 59.0 and 60.0 cm—55 and 53 of them. A large number of lamellae indicates high functional capabilities of the olfaction. New lamellae are formed in the rostral part of the rosette, as the fish grows, they become larger and thicker, their shape changes. Secondary folding is absent. With age, the relative width of the septum increases. The lacrimal ventilation sac is larger than the ethmoidal one, the sac openings are located near the central part of the rosette, ventral and dorsal to it, respectively. When the jaws are opened and the ventilation sacs are expanded, water enters to the olfactory organ (upon the septum) through the anterior nostril, is divided into microstreams, passes between the lamellae and goes into the ventilation sacs. When the jaws are closed and the sacs are compressed, water is ejected through the posterior nostril. The protrusion on the caudal side of the internal opening of the anterior nostril is a morphological adaptation that ensures the separation of incoming and outgoing water flows. The study confirms the assumption that sensory specialization in barramundi is not expressed and different systems make similarly significant contributions to obtaining biologically important information about the environment.

In 2015 and 2016, two Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) farms in Singapore reported a disease outbreak characterized by lethargic behavior, pronounced inappetence, generalized skin lesions, erosions of the fins and tail, and ultimately high mortality in their fish. Next-generation sequencing and PCR confirmed presence of a novel virus belonging to the Alloherpesviridae family, Lates calcarifer herpesvirus (LCHV), which was subsequently isolated and cultured. We characterize, for the first time, the complete genome of two cultured LCHV isolates. The genome contains a long unique region of approximately 105,000 bp flanked by terminal repeats of approximately 24,800 bp, of which the first 8.2 kb do not show any similarity to described genomes in the Alloherpesviridae family. The two cultured isolates share 89% nucleotide identity, and their closest relatives are the viruses belonging to the genus Ictalurivirus. Experimental infections using one of the cultured LCHV isolates resulted in identical clinical signs as originally described in the index farm, both in intraperitoneal-injection infected fish and cohabitant fish, with mortality in both groups. Histopathological analysis showed pronounced abnormalities in the gills. Virus culture and PCR analysis confirmed the replication of LCHV in the infected fish, and thus Koch’s postulates were fulfilled.

Background Lates calcarifer , known as seabass in Asia and barramundi in Australia, is a widely farmed species internationally and in Southeast Asia and any disease outbreak will have a great economic impact on the aquaculture industry. Through disease investigation of Asian seabass from a coastal fish farm in 2015 in Singapore, a novel birnavirus named Lates calcarifer Birnavirus (LCBV) was detected and we sought to isolate and characterize the virus through molecular and biochemical methods. Methods In order to propagate the novel birnavirus LCBV, the virus was inoculated into the Bluegill Fry (BF-2) cell line and similar clinical signs of disease were reproduced in an experimental fish challenge study using the virus isolate. Virus morphology was visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biochemical analysis using chloroform and 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUDR) sensitivity assays were employed to characterize the virus. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was also used to obtain the virus genome for genetic and phylogenetic analyses. Results The LCBV-infected BF-2 cell line showed cytopathic effects such as rounding and granulation of cells, localized cell death and detachment of cells observed at 3 to 5 days’ post-infection. The propagated virus, when injected intra-peritoneally into naïve Asian seabass under experimental conditions, induced lesions similar to fish naturally infected with LCBV. Morphology of LCBV, visualized under TEM, revealed icosahedral particles around 50 nm in diameter. Chloroform and BUDR sensitivity assays confirmed the virus to be a non-enveloped RNA virus. Further genome analysis using NGS identified the virus to be a birnavirus with two genome segments. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LCBV is more closely related to the Blosnavirus genus than to the Aquabirnavirus genus within the Birnaviridae family. Conclusions These findings revealed the presence of a novel birnavirus that could be linked to the disease observed in the Asian seabass from the coastal fish farms in Singapore. This calls for more studies on disease transmission and enhanced surveillance programs to be carried out to understand pathogenicity and epidemiology of this novel virus. The gene sequences data obtained from the study can also pave way to the development of PCR-based diagnostic test methods that will enable quick and specific identification of the virus in future disease investigations.

This book covers the biology, ecology, genetics and aquaculture of the Asian Seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a commercially and recreationally valuable species. It brings together in the one place reviews written by world experts in Asian seabass taxonomy, genetics, nutrition, ecology, aquaculture, reproductive and developmental biology,

The Tiwi people of northern Australia have managed natural resources continuously for 6000-8000 years. Tiwi management objectives and outcomes may reflect how they gather information about the environment. We qualitatively analyzed Tiwi documents and management techniques to examine the relation between the social and physical environment of decision makers and their decision-making strategies. We hypothesized that principles of bounded rationality, namely, the use of efficient rules to navigate complex decision problems, explain how Tiwi managers use simple decision strategies (i.e., heuristics) to make robust decisions. Tiwi natural resource managers reduced complexity in decision making through a process that gathers incomplete and uncertain information to quickly guide decisions toward effective outcomes. They used management feedback to validate decisions through an information loop that resulted in long-term sustainability of environmental use. We examined the Tiwi decision-making processes relative to management of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fisheries and contrasted their management with the state government's management of barramundi. Decisions that enhanced the status of individual people and their attainment of aspiration levels resulted in reliable resource availability for Tiwi consumers. Different decision processes adopted by the state for management of barramundi may not secure similarly sustainable outcomes.Original Abstract: Resumen:Los Tiwi del norte de Australia han manejado sus recursos naturales continuamente durante 6000-8000 anos. Los objetivos y resultados del manejo Tiwi pueden reflejar como obtienen informacion acerca del ambiente. Analizamos cualitativamente el ambiente social y fisico de los tomadores de decisiones y de sus estrategias de toma de decisiones. Partimos de la hipotesis de que los principios de la racionalidad limitada, particularmente el uso de reglas eficientes para resolver problemas de decision complejos, explican como los manejadores Tiwi utilizan estrategias de decision simples (i. e., heuristicos) para tomar decisiones robustas. Los manejadores Tiwi de recursos naturales redujeron la complejidad de la toma de decisiones mediante un proceso que recopila informacion incompleta e incierta para guiar decisiones rapidamente hacia resultados efectivos. Utilizaron retroalimentacion de manejo para validar las decisiones mediante una espiral de informacion que resulto en la sustentabilidad a largo plazo del uso ambiental. Examinamos los procesos de toma de decisiones de Tiwi en relacion con el manejo de pesquerias de barramundi (Lates calcarifer) y lo contrastamos con el manejo de la agencia gubernamental. Las decisiones que resaltaron el estatus de individuos y el logro de sus niveles de aspiracion resultaron una fuente confiable de disponibilidad para consumidores Tiwi. Es posible que los procesos de decision diferentes adoptados por el estado para el manejo de barramundi no aseguren resultados sustentables similares.

Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is one of the leading aquaculture commodities in Indonesia. Artificial feed enrichment with nutraceutical ingredients can enhance fish immunity and growth. This research used bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) liquid to enrich the artificial feed for barramundi culture. The effect of the enrichment on the growth performance (specific growth rate - SGR, and weight gain rate - WGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and economic returns (benefit cost ratio - BCR) of barramundi were then examined. The experiment was conducted for 53 days using fingerlings with an initial average weight of 11.10±0.28 g per fish, reared in 0.5 m3 tanks stocked with 34 fish per tank. Commercial pellets were enriched with bay leaf liquid in three different dosages: 1% (treatment A), 2% (treatment B), and 3% (treatment C). Fish were fed at 4% of biomass per day. This research found that the WGR ranged from 72.64 to 73.98%, SGR ranged from 2.50 to 2.60% day-1, SR ranged from 94 to 100%, FCR ranged from 1.34 to 1.46, and BCR ranged from 1.96 to 2.11. Treatment B showed the best overall performance, although statistical analysis indicated no significant differences among treatments. The optimization analysis suggested that the optimal dosage was between 1.7 and 1.8%, while the path analysis revealed a strong relationship between technical aspects (SGR, FCR, SR) and financial aspects (BCR).

The objective of this research is to investigate the use of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) as a supplement in feed for Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) farming to optimize the growth, survival, feed efficiency, and profitability. This research was conducted in 40 days, using Asian seabass seeds with an average size of 12.04 grams per fish. Four different treatments with two replications were conducted. Each group was given different dose of Javanese turmeric in the feed (5% for treatment A, 3% for treatment B, 1.5% for treatment C, and 0.5% for treatment D). Water quality parameters were evaluated every week, including dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, temperature, and pH. The results indicated that treatment A (5% Javanese turmeric) gained the most optimal specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) variables, whereas treatment B (3% Javanese turmeric) showed the best survival rate (SR). Furthermore, optimization modelling indicated the most optimal doses of Javanese turmeric

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) culture in floating net cages at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center, Situbondo. Asian seabass were fed with commercial fish pellet (KPA) and fresh fish (trash fish) for 21 days. Seabass fed with trash fish and commercial fish pellet displayed the growth response to the average weight and length. The fish grew from an initial weight of 230g, 238g, and 244g in 21 days and the average length of seabass changed from 23 cm, 25 cm and 28 cm respectively. The fish were fed with 3-7% body weight of fish and the growth was monitored in 21 days. The results showed that trash fish can increase the significant growth response in Asian seabass. AbstrakStudi ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budidaya kakap putih Asia (Lates calcarifer) di keramba jarring apung di pusat pengembangan budidaya air payau, Situbondo. Kakap putih Asia diberi pelet ikan komersial (KPA) dengan ikan segar (limbah ikan) selama 21 hari. Kakap putih makan dengan limbah ikan dan pelet ikan komersial menunjukkan respon pertumbuhan rata-rata dari berat dan panjang. Pertumbuhan ikan dari berat awal 230g, 238g dan 244g pada hari ke- 21 dan terjadi perubahan panjang rata-rata kakap putih masing-masing menjadi 23 cm, 25 cm dan 28 cm. Ikan diberi makan dengan 3-7% dari berat badan ikan dan pertumbuhan diamati dalam 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah ikan dapat meningkatkan respon pertumbuhan yang signifikan di kakap putih Asia.

We report here the ~670 Mb genome assembly of the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), a tropical marine teleost. We used long-read sequencing augmented by transcriptomics, optical and genetic mapping along with shared synteny from closely related fish species to derive a chromosome-level assembly with a contig N50 size over 1 Mb and scaffold N50 size over 25 Mb that span ~90% of the genome. The population structure of L. calcarifer species complex was analyzed by re-sequencing 61 individuals representing various regions across the species' native range. SNP analyses identified high levels of genetic diversity and confirmed earlier indications of a population stratification comprising three clades with signs of admixture apparent in the South-East Asian population. The quality of the Asian seabass genome assembly far exceeds that of any other fish species, and will serve as a new standard for fish genomics.