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In this work, we define Rad- ⊕ -supplemented and strongly Rad- ⊕ -supplemented lattices and give some properties of these lattices. We generalize some properties of Rad- ⊕ -supplemented modules to lattices. Let L be a lattice and 1 = a1 ⊕ a2 ⊕ ... ⊕ an with a1,a2, ... an ∈ L. If ai/0 is Rad- ⊕ - supplemented for every i = 1, 2,...,n. then L is also Rad- ⊕ - supplemented. LetL be a distributive Rad- ⊕ -supplemented lattice. Then 1/u is Rad- ⊕ -supplemented for every u ∈ L. We also define completely Rad- ⊕ -supplemented lattices and prove that every Rad- ⊕ -supplemented lattice with SSP property is completely Rad- ⊕ - supplemented.

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is a relatively new simulation technique for the modeling of complex fluid systems and has attracted interest from researchers in computational physics. Unlike the traditional CFD methods, which solve the conservation equations of macroscopic properties (i.e., mass, momentum, and energy) numerically, LBM models the fluid consisting of fictive particles, and such particles perform consecutive propagation and collision processes over a discrete lattice mesh. This book will cover the fundamental and practical application of LBM. The first part of the book consists of three chapters starting form the theory of LBM, basic models, initial and boundary conditions, theoretical analysis, to improved models. The second part of the book consists of six chapters, address applications of LBM in various aspects of computational fluid dynamic engineering, covering areas, such as thermo-hydrodynamics, compressible flows, multicomponent/multiphase flows, microscale flows, flows in porous media, turbulent flows, and suspensions.

The interplay of strong quantum correlations and far-from-equilibrium conditions can give rise to striking dynamical phenomena. We experimentally investigated the quantum motion of an impurity atom immersed in a strongly interacting one-dimensional Bose liquid and subject to an external force. We found that the momentum distribution of the impurity exhibits characteristic Bragg reflections at the edge of an emergent Brillouin zone. Although Bragg reflections are typically associated with lattice structures, in our strongly correlated quantum liquid they result from the interplay of short-range crystalline order and kinematic constraints on the many-body scattering processes in the one-dimensional system. As a consequence, the impurity exhibits periodic dynamics, reminiscent of Bloch oscillations, although the quantum liquid is translationally invariant. Our observations are supported by large-scale numerical simulations.

We consider scalar lattice differential equations posed on square lattices in two space dimensions. Under certain natural conditions we show that wave-like solutions exist when obstacles (characterized by “holes”) are present in the lattice. Our work generalizes to the discrete spatial setting the results obtained in Berestycki, Hamel, and Matuno (2009) for the propagation of waves around obstacles in continuous spatial domains. The analysis hinges upon the development of sub and super-solutions for a class of discrete bistable reaction-diffusion problems and on a generalization of a classical result due to Aronson and Weinberger that concerns the spreading of localized disturbances.

After two decades of development, cavity quantum electrodynamics with superconducting circuits has emerged as a rich platform for quantum computation and simulation. Lattices of coplanar waveguide resonators constitute artificial materials for microwave photons, in which interactions between photons can be incorporateded either through the use of nonlinear resonator materials or through coupling between qubits and resonators. Here we make use of the previously overlooked property that these lattice sites are deformable and permit tight-binding lattices that are unattainable even in solid-state systems. We show that networks of coplanar waveguide resonators can create a class of materials that constitute lattices in an effective hyperbolic space with constant negative curvature. We present numerical simulations of hyperbolic analogues of the kagome lattice that show unusual densities of states in which a macroscopic number of degenerate eigenstates comprise a spectrally isolated flat band. We present a proof-of-principle experimental realization of one such lattice. This paper represents a step towards on-chip quantum simulation of materials science and interacting particles in curved space. An interconnected network made of superconducting microwave resonators is created as a step towards quantum simulations of interacting particles in hyperbolic space.

A bstract The nature of the QCD chiral phase transition in the limit of vanishing quark masses has remained elusive for a long time, since it cannot be simulated directly on the lattice and is strongly cutoff-dependent. We report on a comprehensive ongoing study using unimproved staggered fermions with N f ∈ [2, 8] mass-degenerate flavours on N τ ∈ {4 , 6 , 8} lattices, in which we locate the chiral critical surface separating regions with first-order transitions from crossover regions in the bare parameter space of the lattice theory. Employing the fact that it terminates in a tricritical line, this surface can be extrapolated to the chiral limit using tricritical scaling with known exponents. Knowing the order of the transitions in the lattice parameter space, conclusions for approaching the continuum chiral limit in the proper order can be drawn. While a narrow first-order region cannot be ruled out, we find initial evidence consistent with a second-order chiral transition in all massless theories with N f ≤ 6, and possibly up to the onset of the conformal window at 9 ≲ N f ∗ ≲ 12. A reanalysis of already published O ( a )-improved N f = 3 Wilson data on N τ ∈ [4 , 12] is also consistent with tricritical scaling, and the associated change from first to second-order on the way to the continuum chiral limit. We discuss a modified Columbia plot and a phase diagram for many-flavour QCD that reflect these possible features.

This paper reports how the spectral linewidths of plasmon resonances can be narrowed down to a few nanometers by optimizing the morphology, surface roughness, and crystallinity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in two-dimensional (2D) lattices. We developed thermal annealing procedures to achieve ultranarrow surface lattice resonances (SLRs) with full-width at half-maxima linewidths as narrow as 4 nm from arrays of Au, Ag, Al, and Cu NPs. Besides annealing, we developed a chemical vapor deposition process to use Cu NPs as catalytic substrates for graphene growth. Graphene-encapsulated Cu NPs showed the narrowest SLR linewidths (2 nm) and were stable for months. These ultranarrow SLR nanocavity modes supported even narrower lasing emission spectra and high nonlinearity in the input–output light–light curves.

Ultracold polar molecules, with their long-range electric dipolar interactions, offer a unique platform for studying correlated quantum many-body phenomena. However, realizing a highly degenerate quantum gas of molecules with a low entropy per particle is challenging. We report the synthesis of a low-entropy quantum gas of potassium-rubidium molecules (KRb) in a three-dimensional optical lattice. We simultaneously load into the optical lattice a Mott insulator of bosonic Rb atoms and a single-band insulator of fermionic K atoms. Then, using magnetoassociation and optical state transfer, we efficiently produce ground-state molecules in the lattice at those sites that contain one Rb and one K atom. The achieved filling fraction of 25% should enable future studies of transport and entanglement propagation in a many-body system with long-range dipolar interactions.