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"Layout (Printing)"
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Making and breaking the grid : a graphic design layout workshop
For designers working in every medium, layout is arguably one of the most basic, and most important, aspects of effective communication. Using grids to organize layouts became a design standard in the 1950s and has seen a renewed interest in recent years. But nearly from the start, some designers sought to violate rational layout structures in favor of expression, sparking an ongoing ideological debate. These opposing positions have generated some of the most compelling graphic design ever created, and each offers valid considerations for any project a designer may undertake - the challenge is to determine which best serves a project's goals. Making and Breaking the Grid presents the most comprehensive, accessible, in-depth exposition of layout concepts ever published - re-envisioned and radically augmented in this long-awaited second edition. Choosing to follow the rules, or break them, depends first on understanding what those rules accomplish, and then making sense of contradictory practices - by seeing them in action in practical, real-world situations. Features: 60 pages of new, expanded instructional material that describes the fundamentals of grid-based and alternative layout approaches - defining option, development methods, and strategies for effective use. 500+ new images and schematic diagrams. 70 case studies from an international roster of preeminent preeminent designers and studios, encompassing print, screen-based, and environmental application. Each project is shown comprehensively to reveal layout structure at a size that allows for inspection of detail. Case study text discusses designers' working process and rationale. Projects with both similar and contrasting characteristics are linked through a simple notational system that encourages exploration and comparison. Heightened emphasis on device-responsive UX design and time-based media. Overviews summarize the evolutions of grid-based and alternative layout concepts in modern design practice. A new, comprehensive index and extensive bibliography for further investigation. -- From back cover.
Book
Development of a Multi-Layer Marking Toolkit for Layout-Printing Automation at Construction Sites
In this study, the development of a multi-layer marking toolkit was investigated to improve construction quality and mitigate the problem of irregular designs in the layout-printing work performed at construction sites. The quality of conventional layout-printing work is dependent on the skill of the worker, and construction quality can suffer owing to inconsistencies in drawings resulting from human error. In this study, these problems were analyzed, and a construction-site-layout-marking toolkit apparatus and mechanical unit, with a structure that allowed for multi-layer installation for automated implementation at construction sites, were developed. The marking toolkit and mechanical unit with the multi-layer structure were developed in a modular form so that each module can operate independently. Furthermore, each module was developed in manual mode to improve the system by acquiring information on the movement of the marking toolkit and multi-layer structure. Additionally, data on the layout-printing method was developed by connecting the system via Ethernet and operating a wireless joystick. Finally, experiments were performed on a road surface covered with B4 paper and concrete panels to confirm the operational feasibility of the system, which was developed to operate manually.
Journal Article
Integrating BIM–IoT and Autonomous Mobile Robots for Construction Site Layout Printing
The traditional methods of marking construction site layouts using manual techniques such as chalk lines are prone to human errors, resulting in discrepancies between blueprints and actual layouts. This has serious implications for project delivery, construction, costs and, eventually, project success. However, this issue can be resolved through autonomous robots and construction automation in line with Industry 4.0 and 5.0 goals. Construction automation enables workers to concentrate on the construction phase and not worry about manual site markups. This leads to an enhancement in their productivity. This study aims to improve the floor layout printing technique by introducing a framework that integrates building information modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT), i.e., BIM–IoT and autonomous mobile robots (AMR). The development process focuses on three key components: a marking tool, an IoT-based AMR and BIM. The BIM-based tools extract and store coordinates on the cloud platform. The AMR, developed using ESP32 and connected to the Google Firestore cloud platform, leverages IoT technology to retrieve the data and draw site layout lines accordingly. Further, this research presents a prototype of an automated robot capable of accurately printing construction site layouts. A design science research (DSR) method is employed in this study that includes a comprehensive review of the existing literature and usage of AMRs in construction layout printing. Subsequently building upon the extant literature, an AMR is developed and experiments are conducted to evaluate the system’s performance. The experiment reveals that the system’s precision falls within a range of ±15 mm and its angle accuracy is within ±4 degrees. Integrating robotic automation, IoT and BIM technologies enhances the efficiency and precision of construction layout printing. The findings provide insights into the potential benefits of deploying AMRs in construction projects, reducing site layout errors and improving construction productivity. This study also adds to the body of knowledge around construction automation in line with Industry 4.0 and 5.0 endeavors.
Journal Article
Layout essentials : 100 design principles for using grids
\"The one-stop reference and resource for building and using grids in all design projects\"--Back cover.
Book
Development of a Manually Operated Mobile Robot That Prints Construction Site Layouts
Chalk lines are used to print layouts in construction sites to indicate the location of attaching or cutting objects; printing depends on the skills of workers and is suitable for small-scale work. Moreover, this type of work requires a precise measurement process, which is time-consuming, to avoid errors. Thus, discrepancies between blueprints and construction site layouts can occur if construction plans and management are not uniformly aligned. To improve the traditional floor-layout-printing technique on construction sites, this study introduces a manually operated mecanum-wheeled mobile robot in the preliminary stage, i.e., before the development of a full-fledged automated system. This manually operated robot helps determine the technologies required for robotic automation. In the development process, layout-printing technology is classified into a marking toolkit, control system that can be manually operated, and mobile driver. To improve layout-printing quality, this study adopted a mecanum-wheeled design to improve mobility. In this study, applied tests are required to consider the site environment for automatically marking floor layout prints. To determine the applicability of the developed technology, this study conducted a field applicability experiment with a pen-type marking module and laser-type toolkit. The experiment confirmed that layout printing based on environmental changes on the construction site can be manually performed using the mobile robot system. To automatically mark floor-layout-printing work, it is necessary to consider the floor characteristics on the construction site. In addition, this experiment shows that the newly applied laser toolkit technology can be applied to layout printing within 12 mm from the floor. To apply this mechanism to a mobile robot that can automate layout printing, it is necessary to technically enhance the optimization of marking quality, e.g., floor separation distance and marking thickness.
Journal Article
The layout book
\"A fascinating exploration of this fundamental aspect of graphic design, The Layout Book explains the hows, whys and why-nots of the placing of elements on a page or screen layout. A historical overview of the subject is followed by a systematic look at key theoretical principles and practical applications.Offering a huge array of potential layout options and with over 250 colour illustrations from some of the world's leading design studios, this is a uniquely inspiring guide to graphic design. The second edition has also been updated to include interviews with practising designers, as well as new study points to aid readers in their own explorations.Invaluable for design students looking for a better understanding of layout design, and inspiring for working designers, The Layout Book proves itself as a graphic design must-have\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unfolding the Newspaper: Newspaper Design by Children, for Children
The importance of design and technology (D&T) education has been advocated by numerous researchers over the last three decades. For instance, Nigel Cross suggests that in design education, there are ill-defined problems and \"designerly ways of knowing\" (2006). Today D&T in school education is employed globally and the common threads encompass reflective practice (Mawson, 2007) and user-centered approaches to innovation (Nicholl et al., 2013). In India, while there has been some research to envision a D&T curriculum in school education, the full potential of D&T is yet to be implemented and utilized. The current work builds on the insights gained from past D&T studies in India (Khunyakari et al., 2007) and is part of a longitudinal participatory action research (PAR) project involving a local school, its teachers, and its students (Deshmukh et al, 2018). A goal of this project is to engage students in D&T based collaborative activities, and provide them opportunities to develop creativity, design thinking, arts and crafts, language, and communication skills. This article reports observations of one such activity in the form of a design-based module conducted in a month-long summer camp for children.
Journal Article
The elements of graphic design : space, unity, page architecture, and type
\"This very popular design book has been wholly revised and expanded to feature a new dimension of inspiring and counterintuitive ideas to thinking about graphic design relationships. The Elements of Graphic Design, Second Edition is now in full color in a larger, 8 x 10-inch trim size, and contains 40 percent more content and over 750 images to enhance and better clarify the concepts in this thought-provoking resource. The second edition also includes a new section on Web design; new discussions of modularity, framing, motion and time, rules of randomness, and numerous quotes supported by images and biographies. This pioneering work provides designers, art directors, and students--regardless of experience--with a unique approach to successful design. Veteran designer and educator Alex. W. White has assembled a wealth of information and examples in his exploration of what makes visual design stunning and easy to read. Readers will discover White's four elements of graphic design, including how to: define and reveal dominant images, words, and concepts; use scale, color, and position to guide the viewer through levels of importance; employ white space as a significant component of design and not merely as background; and use display and text type for maximum comprehension and value to the reader. Offering a new way to think about and use the four design elements, this book is certain to inspire better design\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book