Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
57,051
result(s) for
"Lead content"
Sort by:
Optimisation of Corrosion Control for Lead in Drinking Water Using Computational Modelling Techniques
This book shows how compliance modelling has been used to very good effect in the optimisation of plumbosolvency control in the United Kingdom, particularly in the optimisation of orthophosphate dosing. Over 100 water supply systems have been modelled, involving 30% of the UKs water companies. This proof-of-concept project has the overall objective of demonstrating that these modelling techniques could also be applicable to the circumstances of Canada and the United States, via three case studies.
eBook
The poisoned city : Flint's water and the American urban tragedy /
\"Recounts the gripping story of Flint's poisoned water through the people who caused it, suffered from it, and exposed it. It is a chronicle of one town, but could also be about any American city, all made precarious by the neglect of infrastructure\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Lead Detoxification and the Special Needs of Haitian Migrants
Since 2023, emigration from Haiti has increased due to a new program that created lawful pathways for Haitian citizens to enter and work in the United States. Healthcare workers should be aware of the unique health concerns of this population, including malnutrition and high levels of stress due to extreme poverty and violence. In addition, some members of the population may experience environmental health challenges resulting from a lack of municipal drinking water sources, inadequate sewage systems, and poor solid waste disposal of car and household batteries, leading to groundwater and soil contamination with lead. Because of this, Haitians have a greater likelihood of having elevated blood lead levels (BLL). In addition, Haitians of African descent have a much higher likelihood of inheriting the genotype for arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency and having the genetic condition or trait for sickle cell anemia. These conditions amplify an individuals sensitivity to lead toxicity. Nutritional detoxification interventions, especially those that are culturally informed and include specific foods that are part of the Haitian diet and traditional medicines, can support recovery and improve health outcomes. A threephase detoxification protocol is proposed as a method for reducing the BLL in Haitian migrants. The first phase involves testing BLL and total iron binding levels as well as nutritional interventions to address malnutrition. The second phase actively excretes lead through a dietary prescription of traditional foods and medicines that are known to support liver function. The third phase maintains healthy nutrition and lifestyle through recommendations that respect and comport with the Haitian culture. While this protocol has yet to be enacted, the author expects it will be a useful resource for practitioners working with Haitian migrants to incorporate into their practice.
Journal Article
Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood
Lead is a developmental neurotoxicant in wide industrial use that was once broadly distributed in the environment. The extent of the US population exposed in early life to high levels of lead is unknown, as are the consequences for population IQ. Serial, cross-sectional blood–lead level (BLL) data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of US children aged 1 to 5 (n = 11,616) from 1976 to 1980 to 2015 to 2016 was combined with population estimates from the US Census, the Human Mortality Database, and the United Nations. NHANES and leaded gasoline consumption data were used to estimate BLLs from 1940 to 1975. We estimated the number and proportion of people that fall within seven BLL categories (<4.99; 5 to 0.9.99; 10 to 14.9: 15 to 19.9; 20.24.9; 25 to 29.9; and ≥30 μg/dL), by year and birth cohort, and calculated IQ points lost because of lead exposure. In 2015, over 170 million people (>53%) had BLLs above 5 μg/dL in early life (±2.84 million [80% CI]), over 54 million (>17%) above 15 μg/dL, and over 4.5 million (>1%) above 30 μg/dL (±0.28 million [80% CI]). BLLs greater than 5 μg/dL were nearly universal (>90%) among those born 1951 to 1980, while BLLs were considerably lower than 5 μg/dL among those born since 2001. The average lead-linked loss in cognitive ability was 2.6 IQ points per person as of 2015. This amounted to a total loss of 824,097,690 IQ points, disproportionately endured by those born between 1951 and 1980.
Journal Article
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated With the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response
Objectives. We analyzed differences in pediatric elevated blood lead level incidence before and after Flint, Michigan, introduced a more corrosive water source into an aging water system without adequate corrosion control. Methods. We reviewed blood lead levels for children younger than 5 years before (2013) and after (2015) water source change in Greater Flint, Michigan. We assessed the percentage of elevated blood lead levels in both time periods, and identified geographical locations through spatial analysis. Results. Incidence of elevated blood lead levels increased from 2.4% to 4.9% (P < .05) after water source change, and neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels experienced a 6.6% increase. No significant change was seen outside the city. Geospatial analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest elevated blood lead level increases and informed response prioritization during the now-declared public health emergency. Conclusions. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels increased after water source change, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Water is a growing source of childhood lead exposure because of aging infrastructure.
Journal Article
Lead Toxicity and Pollution in Poland
Background: Human exposure to lead can occur in a variety of ways, all of which involve exposure to potentially toxic elements as environmental pollutants. Lead enters the body via ingestion and inhalation from sources such as soil, food, lead dust and lead in products of everyday use and in the workplace. The aim of this review is to describe the toxic effects of lead on the human body from conception to adulthood, and to review the situation regarding lead toxicity in Poland. Results: Pb is very dangerous when it is absorbed and accumulates in the main organs of the body, where it can cause a range of symptoms that vary from person to person, the time of exposure and dose. Lead in adults can cause an increase in blood pressure, slow nerve conduction, fatigue, mood swings, drowsiness, impaired concentration, fertility disorders, decreased sex drive, headaches, constipation and, in severe cases, encephalopathy or death. Conclusions: Exposure to lead in Poland remains an important public health problem. This review will cover the range of lead exposures, from mild to heavy. Public health interventions and policies also are needed to reduce occupational and environmental exposure to this element.
Journal Article
Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells
Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for solar energy harvesting. However, the presence of heavy-metal lead ions is problematic when considering potential harmful leakage into the environment from broken cells and also from a public acceptance point of view. Moreover, strict legislation on the use of lead around the world has driven innovation in the development of strategies for recycling end-of-life products by means of environmentally friendly and cost-effective routes. Lead immobilization is a strategy to transform water-soluble lead ions into insoluble, nonbioavailable and nontransportable forms over large pH and temperature ranges and to suppress lead leakage if the devices are damaged. An ideal methodology should ensure sufficient lead-chelating capability without substantially influencing the device performance, production cost and recycling. Here we analyse chemical approaches to immobilize Pb
2+
from perovskite solar cells, such as grain isolation, lead complexation, structure integration and adsorption of leaked lead, based on their feasibility to suppress lead leakage to a minimal level. We highlight the need for a standard lead-leakage test and related mathematical model to be established for the reliable evaluation of the potential environmental risk of perovskite optoelectronics.
An analysis of chemical processes to immobilize lead from perovskite solar cells is presented, highlighting the need for a standard lead-leakage test and mathematical model to reliably evaluate the potential environmental risk of perovskite optoelectronics.
Journal Article