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\"Here is the story behind the ten laws that have been the guiding light of Judeo-Christian belief. Not just about Moses, whose origin story leaves open questions, this book looks back at the time when the commandments were written, how the belief in one all-powerful God set the Israelites apart from other ancient peoples, and the roles the Ten Commandments have played in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It also looks at what each individual commandment means and how together they form the basis of leading a moral life as well as forming a just government\"-- Provided by publisher.

In this study, we draw from the conservation of resources theory and the narcissism literature to examine why and when narcissistic leaders develop and maintain differentiated social relationships with followers in a group setting, therefore demotivating follower voice. Using data from 457 employees and their 95 supervisors working at a large Chinese consulting company, we tested and found support for our hypotheses that leader narcissism had a negative direct effect on employee voice, as well as a negative indirect effect on voice via group-level leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation. Our findings further showed that leaders' upward exchange, leader–leader exchange (LLX), with their own supervisor moderated the negative indirect effect of narcissism on voice such that this negative indirect effect was stronger in the presence of low leader LLX but turned nonsignificant in the presence of high leader LLX. Theoretical and practical implications of our research are discussed. Limitations and directions for future research are also offered.

Recoil leaders develop in lightning flash decayed channels. The propagation of a recoil leader depends on the charges stored at its tip and the conductivity of the decayed channel. When the recoil leader propagates over the entire channel, a subsequent return stroke happens. Recoil leaders very often cease propagating before they reach the ground, that is, only part of the decayed channel is reionized. The present work aims to analyze the herein named secondary recoil leader that connect with the primary recoil leaders and cause them to start propagating again. We believe that the secondary recoil leader injects additional charge into the primary recoil leader, allowing the recoil leader reionize the whole decayed channel of the lightning flash. High‐speed videos analysis of upward lightning flashes shows that secondary recoil leaders play an important role on the formation and progression of dart leaders/subsequent return strokes. Plain Language Summary The recoil leader is a phenomenon that occurs in all types of lightning flashes (upward, downward and intracloud flashes). They arise in the remnants of decayed channels of positive leaders, partially or completely rebuilding these channels. The recoil leaders are responsible for some physical processes observed in lightning flashes. Thus, understanding how these physical processes originate is of significant importance. This work presents the role of secondary recoil leaders (recoil leaders that connect to preexisting recoil leaders) in the integral reconstruction of the decayed channels of the analyzed lightning flashes. Key Points Use of high‐speed cameras to study recoil leaders in upward lightning flashes Secondary recoil leaders boost the development of previous recoil leaders Secondary recoil leaders likely influence the development of dart leaders/subsequent return strokes

This study analyzes the two‐dimensional speed profiles of 107 stepped leaders and 93 dart leaders recorded by high‐speed cameras in Utah (USA), together with data from lightning location system. The results shows that the final and average speed of the stepped leader has a very strong (R = 0.82) and strong (R = 0.71) correlation with the peak current of the return stroke. It also shows that 91% of the stepped leaders increased their speed near the ground (average increase of 69%). The same analysis for dart leaders shows weak correlation with the peak current of the prospective return stroke (R = 0.39 to average speed and R = 0.28 to final speed). This paper briefly discusses why peak current is better correlated with final speed than with the average speed, and why stepped leaders exhibit a significant correlation, while dart leaders do not. Plain Language Summary This study looks at how fast stepped leaders and dart leaders of lightning flashes propagate from the cloud base to ground, using high‐speed camera videos and data from a lightning location system. The results show that the final and average speed of the leaders are well correlated to the return stroke current, the return stroke current being more closely related to the final speed than the average speed. In contrast, dart leaders showed a weak correlation between their speed and the return stroke current. It also shows that most stepped leaders sped up as they got closer to the ground. Key Points The return stroke peak current is better correlated with final speed than with the average speed of the stepped leader No significant correlation was found between dart leaders speed and stroke peak current The stepped leaders increase their propagation speed near the ground

The college will consider scholars and artists from across the academic spectrum for whose teaching and research will address race, racism, and social justice, with a particular focus on the challenges, histories, movements, and artistic and cultural productions of Black communities in the Americas.

The shift from polytheism to monotheism changed the world radically. Akhenaten and Moses-a figure of history and a figure of tradition-symbolize this shift in its incipient, revolutionary stages and represent two civilizations that were brought into the closest connection as early as the Book of Exodus, where Egypt stands for the old world to be rejected and abandoned in order to enter the new one. The seven chapters of this seminal study shed light on the great transformation from different angles. Between Egypt in the first chapter and monotheism in the last, five chapters deal in various ways with the transition from one to the other, analyzing the Exodus myth, understanding the shift in terms of evolution and revolution, confronting Akhenaten and Moses in a new way, discussing Karl Jaspers' theory of the Axial Age, and dealing with the eighteenth-century view of the Egyptian mysteries as a cultural model. --publisher's description.

Altitude‐triggered lightning provides favorable conditions for the research of bidirectional leader system. In the summer of 2023, altitude‐triggered lightning experiment was conducted on the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration. The multifrequency radiation characteristics of bidirectional leaders and the interactions of both ends during the propagation are analyzed. Specifically, the discharge processes that produce LF‐MF magnetic radiations from bidirectional leaders are revealed by high‐speed images, and these LF‐MF radiations correspond to the VHF radiations generated by bidirectional leaders well. Unlike the strong correlation between LF‐MF radiation strengths and discharge intensities, the VHF radiation strengths exhibit significant variation even among similar‐intensity discharge events, as VHF radiations correspond to the random and microscopic discharge processes associated with streamers. Furthermore, the changes in leader speed and channel brightness before and after the initiation of bidirectional leaders indicate that the development of the two ends of bidirectional leaders is mutually reinforcing. Plain Language Summary With the advancement of lightning detection technology, more and more observations show that the common development form of leaders is bidirectional. As the basic scientific problems in lightning physics, the characteristics of radiation and development of bidirectional leaders need to be further analyzed. Altitude‐triggered lightning is conducted by a small rocket dragging an electrically floating wire, where the distance between the bottom of the wire and the ground is tens to hundreds of meters. For a negative altitude‐triggered lightning flash, the discharge between the distance and the discharge along the upper end of steel wire can reproduce the development processes of downward negative leader and upward positive leader of natural lightning, respectively. Hence, altitude‐triggered lightning provides favorable conditions for the research of bidirectional leader system. The paper examines the comprehensive observations of the altitude‐triggered lightning, including the LF‐MF radiations recorded by the high‐sensitivity magnetic antennas, VHF radiations mapped by the broadband interferometer, and the development images captured by high‐speed camera. Based on these synchronous data, the multifrequency radiation characteristics of bidirectional leaders and the interactions of both ends during the propagation are analyzed in detail. The related results further promote the understanding of bidirectional leaders. Key Points Optical images reveal the discharge processes relevant to LF‐MF magnetic radiations of bidirectional leaders in altitude‐triggered lightning VHF radiation strengths of bidirectional leaders vary greatly even for similar discharge events due to the randomness of breakdown direction Changes in leader speed and channel brightness indicate that the development of two ends of bidirectional leaders is mutually reinforcing