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"Leisure studies"
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Perceptions of Air Pollution Risks in Road Runs: Insights from Runners and the Public in Taiwan
Objective: This study explores how runners and the public in Taiwan perceive and respond to air pollution risks during road-running events. Specifically, the study identified differences in risk perception and behavioral responses between these groups, and to inform strategies that align with WHO priorities and Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). Methods: Focus group interviews and Facebookforums with runners were conducted, as well as LINE discussions with the general public. Data were analyzed thematically guided by constructs from the Health Belief Model. Results: Runners acknowledged air pollution risks but tended to prefer personal coping strategies such as wearing masks or adjusting pace, as opposed to race withdrawal, largely due to financial and emotional investment. In contrast, the public emphasized the need for policy-driven measures and cooperation between event organizers and public health authorities. Perceptions were shaped by sociocultural factors and individual health beliefs. Conclusions: The perception gap between runners and the public highlights the need for targeted risk communication and robust air quality management in endurance sports. Recommendations include real-time air quality monitoring, clearer race protocols, and collaborative planning to protect public health in outdoor sports settings.
Journal Article
Performance measurement and leisure management
The chapters in this text each present a different case study of performance measurement. They cover a wide range of sectors in the leisure industry including public recreation centres, theme parks, play facilities, sport organisations, hospitality, and the Olympic Games. The evidence from these cases covers examples from three different continents and five different countries. All the chapters report empirical research and all the cases explore managerial implications.
Book
Leisure studies in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities in our collective identity
The year 2018 marked a milestone for leisure research, as the World Leisure Journal, the Journal of Leisure Research, and Leisure Sciences will celebratet their 60th, 50th, and 40th years in publication, respectively. A review of previous articles chronicling the evolution and status of leisure studies revealed three common themes since the 1980s: (a) incompatible faculty roles, (b) insularity, and (c) fragmentation. We examined recent developments in higher education and patterns of change in departmental profiles, in revised undergraduate and graduate curricula that exclude leisure philosophy and theory in core requirements, and in faculty hiring practices. We suggest that these recent developments, combined with the issues posed in prior articles that remain unaddressed, raise concern about the sustainability of leisure studies in the current higher education model. A possible future rooted in a philosophical foundation of leisure is presented.
Journal Article
Leisure studies in a global era
\"The way in which leisure is used to construct whiteness and the way in which whiteness shapes leisure, is an important unanswered theme in sociological analyses of leisure. This book develops a new theory of instrumental whiteness and leisure, which draws in part on existing leisure theories and in part on the critical theorising around \"race\" and whiteness. In developing a new theory of whiteness and leisure, new primary and existing secondary empirical research is drawn upon to highlight whiteness across a comprehensive and internationally-grounded range of leisure practices. The book explores sports participation, sports media and sports fandom, informal leisure, outdoor leisure, music, popular culture and tourism. This book is grounded in Spracklen's development of leisure theory that uses a Habermasian framework of communicative and instrumental rationalities and actions to understand the tensions between utopian theories of individualized leisure and dystopian theories of increasing constraint and control. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Perceptions of Air Pollution Risks in Road Runs: Insights from Runners and the Public in Taiwan
Objective: This study explores how runners and the public in Taiwan perceive and respond to air pollution risks during road-running events. Specifically, the study identified differences in risk perception and behavioral responses between these groups, and to inform strategies
that align with WHO priorities and Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). Methods: Focus group interviews and Facebook forums with runners were conducted, as well as LINE discussions with the general public. Data were
analyzed thematically guided by constructs from the Health Belief Model. Results: Runners acknowledged air pollution risks but tended to prefer personal coping strategies such as wearing masks or adjusting pace, as opposed to race withdrawal, largely due to financial and emotional investment.
In contrast, the public emphasized the need for policy-driven measures and cooperation between event organizers and public health authorities. Perceptions were shaped by sociocultural factors and individual health beliefs. Conclusions: The perception gap between runners and the public
highlights the need for targeted risk communication and robust air quality management in endurance sports. Recommendations include real-time air quality monitoring, clearer race protocols, and collaborative planning to protect public health in outdoor sports settings.
Journal Article
Dialética entre os Estudos do Lazer no Brasil e Protestantismo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as compreensões de autores brasileiros dos Estudos do Lazer sobre as práticas de lazer pelo segmento protestante. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica narrativa. Consultou-se os bancos de dados online de duas revistas especializadas sobre o lazer no Brasil, a saber, Licere e Revista Brasileira de Estudos do Lazer. Identificou-se no total seis artigos publicados entre os anos 2007 e 2018. Os textos analisados convocam conhecimentos de diferentes áreas como Sociologia, Estudos Culturais, História. Em geral, os artigos tecem críticas aos valores e a moral protestante que influenciam nas práticas de lazer, sem, contudo, considerar os aspectos teológicos em suas análises. Ao se aplicar os princípios teológicos adequados, análise exegética e hermenêutica, identifica-se que a Bíblia não entende que práticas de lazer sejam consideradas como pecado, desde que alinhadas aos seus valores e a moral. Todavia, a adoção de princípios morais distintos entre o protestantismo e o secularismo, geram percepções diferentes sobre o envolvimento com as práticas de lazer. Questionar os valores e a moral adotada por quaisquer matrizes religiosas sobre a licitude das práticas de lazer dos fiéis – desde que não firam os princípios da dignidade humana – sem a devida discussão teológica é persistir na continuidade de preconceitos e juízos de valor que criam dissenções sociais desnecessárias. Palavras-chave: Cristianismo, Estudos do Lazer, Discurso
Journal Article
Hikers’ experience satisfaction and visual perception based on online text-image data: an empirical study of hiking trails in Malaysia
Hiking offers a valuable pathway for understanding individual leisure satisfaction and landscape perception. This study employs textual and image data from the AllTrails platform to systematically analyze hikers’ experiences and perceptions of hiking trails in Malaysia. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques were utilized to extract hikers’ perceptual dimensions, resulting in a comprehensive 12-indicator evaluation framework across three dimensions: landscapes, service facilities and hiking experiences. Concurrently, Baidu Intelligent Cloud was employed to analyze image content, enabling comparisons and assessments of consistency between visual and textual expressions. The findings revealed that: (1) elevation, facility maintenance, safety, difficulty and challenge, and social experience significantly influence satisfaction; (2) discrepancies exist between visual and textual expressions. Vegetation dominated the images, whereas geological landscapes and waterscape features were emphasized in textual descriptions. Additionally, waterscapes showed the highest consistency between text and image data, while sky-related features and geological landscapes demonstrated moderate consistency; (3) a clear mismatch was identified between visual perception and overall experience satisfaction, indicating that hikers’ satisfaction depends not only on visually appealing landscapes but also critically on psychological fulfillment, social interactions and functional needs during hikes. These insights provide theoretical contributions and practical guidance for enhancing hiking trail planning, design and management.
Journal Article
From the pitch to the market: what determines fan token prices dynamics and trading activities?
This study provides one of the first comprehensive examinations of how football-related events, social sentiment and benchmark cryptocurrency movements jointly shape the market dynamics of fan tokens. Using weekly data for tokens issued by 10 prominent football clubs, we analyse how prices, returns and trading volumes respond to match outcomes, player transfers, injuries and suspensions, as well as to broader drivers including the Crypto Fear & Greed Index, Google search trends and Bitcoin closing prices. Combining independent t-tests with multiple linear regression models, we show that on-pitch events, particularly wins, losses and player injuries, significantly affect both valuation and trading activity. Social sentiment and attention proxies emerge as the critical determinants of market behaviour, while Bitcoin demonstrates diverse influences across clubs. By documenting the association among sporting performance, investor sentiment and wider crypto-market conditions, the study offers actionable insights for token holders, football clubs and policymakers, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the behavioural foundations of this emerging class of digital assets.
Journal Article
Digital nationalism: analyzing the role of sports in Thai identity through social media
This study investigates the intersection of sports and nationalism among Thai sports fans, with a focus on the role of social media in shaping national identity. Employing qualitative methods, including thematic analysis, we examined over 500 social media posts, comments and interactions purposively sampled from Facebook, X and Instagram during major sports events such as the Olympics, Asian Games and Southeast Asian Games. Guided by Social Identity Theory and Leisure Theory, we identified key themes and patterns in social media content. Our findings reveal strong expressions of national pride, the significant role of digital platforms in fostering collective identity, and variations in engagement across different demographics. Younger fans often used humor and memes, while older fans engaged in more formal discussions. This study highlights how social media amplifies nationalistic sentiments, creating virtual spaces for community building and collective celebration. These insights offer valuable strategies for academics, policymakers, sports organizations and marketers to enhance national branding and digital engagement. Future research should explore emerging digital platforms, conduct cross-cultural comparisons and employ mixed-methods approaches to further understand the complexities of sports-related nationalism. The study argues that social media fosters collective identity, contributing to scholarship by integrating social identity and leisure theories, offering a non-Western perspective on digital sports nationalism.
Journal Article