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result(s) for
"Lemon History."
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Movements and habitat use of a nursery area by a widely distributed species of shark in the Southern Caribbean
Use of a small tropical nursery in the Los Roques Archipelago by lemon sharks (
Negaprion brevirostris
) was investigated using acoustic telemetry. Twelve juvenile lemon sharks of three size classes were tracked between February 2014 and August 2015 in the Sebastopol Lagoon. Sharks were strongly site attached and remained in the lagoon for the duration of the study. Individuals in the smallest size class exhibited restricted movements within the innermost area of the lagoon in shallow water (< 1 m), over muddy substrate and along mangrove-lined shores. Sharks in the two larger size classes ranged further, in deeper water, over a wider range of substrates and more frequently near the lagoon entrance. Activity space varied among size classes, with home range (95% kernel utilization densities–KUD) of 0.42 km
2
and core area (50% KUD) of 0.13 km
2
for individuals in the smallest size class. For the medium and large size classes home ranges were 1.11 and 1.15 km
2
and core areas were 0.33 and 0.35 km
2
respectively. Space use as Minimum Convex Polygons differed among size classes, with overlap between the two largest size classes of 89%, compared with 40% between medium and smallest and 43% for largest and smallest size classes. Space use of lemon sharks in the Los Roques nursery illustrates variable use of habitat with varying environmental characteristics, likely reflecting a balance between predator avoidance and prey acquisition. Greater understanding of the use of nursery habitats for species such as lemon sharks, which use small, discrete nurseries over a broad geographical range can enhance our understanding of relationships between life history traits and environmental variability and management of populations.
Journal Article
Risky business for a juvenile marine predator? Testing the influence of foraging strategies on size and growth rate under natural conditions
Mechanisms driving selection of body size and growth rate in wild marine vertebrates are poorly understood, thus limiting knowledge of their fitness costs at ecological, physiological and genetic scales. Here, we indirectly tested whether selection for size-related traits of juvenile sharks that inhabit a nursery hosting two dichotomous habitats, protected mangroves (low predation risk) and exposed seagrass beds (high predation risk), is influenced by their foraging behaviour. Juvenile sharks displayed a continuum of foraging strategies between mangrove and seagrass areas, with some individuals preferentially feeding in one habitat over another. Foraging habitat was correlated with growth rate, whereby slower growing, smaller individuals fed predominantly in sheltered mangroves, whereas larger, faster growing animals fed over exposed seagrass. Concomitantly, tracked juveniles undertook variable movement behaviours across both the low and high predation risk habitat. These data provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that directional selection favouring smaller size and slower growth rate, both heritable traits in this shark population, may be driven by variability in foraging behaviour and predation risk. Such evolutionary pathways may be critical to adaptation within predator-driven marine ecosystems.
Journal Article
Exine morphometric analysis as a new tool for Citrus species identification: a case study from Oplontis (Vesuvius area, Italy)
In the Mediterranean area, the occurrence of citrus plants in ancient times is clearly attested in Sardinia and along the southern Tyrrhenian coasts through the presence of pollen grains and organic residues dating back to the sixth century
bc
. The presence of
Citrus
pollen was also detected in soil sediments from
Pompeii
(
ad
79), in marine sediments from the ancient harbour of Naples (first century
ad
), in Rome (27
bc
–
ad
14) as well as in a garden soil at the
Villa di Poppea
in
Oplontis
(first century
bc
). The first citrus tree to be identified was citron (
Citrus medica
L.), but even if the presence of other citrus species was supposed, identification was limited by the difficulty of discriminating the exine characteristics through optical microscopy. Exine micromorphology of eight citrus species, including primitive to cultivated, was studied by SEM and optical microscope observations. By means of the image analysis method, the morphometry of
lumina
and
brochi
was evaluated. Results indicate that the size of
lumina
and
brochi
increases from primitive, wild to cultivated citrus up to lemon. In addition, there is an overall correspondence between
brochi
dimension and hybridization history. The morphometric analysis on modern pollen material and comparison with the fossil grains found at
Oplontis
allowed attesting for the first time the presence of
C. limon
and
C. reticulata
in the Roman Age. The statistical methods used for the analysis of exine ornamentations proved to be a useful tool for interpreting the complex citrus hybridization history and for shedding light on the scenario of citrus fruits introduction in the Roman period.
Journal Article
Citrus: From Symbolism to Sensuality—Exploring Luxury and Extravagance in Western Muslim Bustān and European Renaissance Gardens
This study delves into the multifaceted realm of citrus fruits, exploring their significance and socioeconomic implications from their early introduction to Western Muslim and Renaissance gardens, tracing their journey throughout history. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, drawing from biological, archaeobotanical, iconographic, and textual sources, our study offers a comprehensive exploration of citrus symbolism and cultural significance, integrating historical, artistic, horticultural, and socioeconomic viewpoints. The genus Citrus (Rutaceae) comprises around thirty species and its natural habitat spans from the southern slopes of the Himalayas to China, Southeast Asia, nearby islands, and Queensland. Originating from only four of these species, humans have cultivated hundreds of hybrids and thousands of varieties, harnessing their culinary, medicinal, and ornamental potential worldwide. We delve into the symbolic value of citrus fruits, which have served as indicators of economic status and power. From their early presence in Mediterranean religious rituals to their depiction in opulent Roman art and mythical narratives like the Garden of the Hesperides, citrus fruits have epitomized luxury and desire. Christian lore intertwines them with the forbidden fruit of Eden, while Islamic and Sicilian gardens and Renaissance villas signify their prestige. We analyze diverse perspectives, from moralists to hedonists, and examine their role in shaping global agriculture, exemplified by rare varieties like aurantii foetiferi.
Journal Article
Latitudinal variation in larval development of coral reef fishes
Latitudinal gradients in water temperature may be useful for predicting the likely responses of marine species to global warming. The ranges of coral reef fishes extend into the warmest oceanic waters on the planet, but the comparative life-history traits across their full latitudinal range are unknown. Here, we examined differences in early life-history traits of 2 coral reef fishes, the damselfish Pomacentrus moluccensis and the wrasse Halichoeres melanurus, among 8 locations across 21° of latitude, from northern Papua New Guinea (2.3°S) to the southern Great Barrier Reef (23.3°S). Water temperature during larval development ranged between 25.6 and 29.8°C among sites, with the warmest sites closest to the equator. Recently settled juveniles were collected and otolith microstructure was analysed to estimate pelagic larval duration (PLD), daily growth, and size at settlement. Latitudinal comparisons revealed a non-linear relationship between temperature and each of PLD, larval growth and size at settlement. PLD declined with increasing temperature up to approx. 28 to 29°C, above which it stabilised in P. moluccensis and increased in H. melanurus. Larval growth increased with increasing temperature up to approx. 28 to 29°C before stabilising in P. moluccensis and decreasing in H. melanurus. Size at settlement tended to be highest at mid-latitudes, but overall declined with increasing temperature above 28.5°C in both species. These results indicate that the thermal optima for growth and development is reached or surpassed at low latitudes, such that populations at these latitudes may be particularly vulnerable to global warming.
Journal Article
Early Blues
Since the early 1900s, blues and the guitar have traveled side by side. This book tells the story of their pairing from the first reported sightings of blues musicians, to the rise of nationally known stars, to the onset of the Great Depression, when blues recording virtually came to a halt.
Like the best music documentaries,Early Blues: The First Stars of Blues Guitarinterweaves musical history, quotes from celebrated musicians (B.B. King, John Lee Hooker, Ry Cooder, and Johnny Winter, to name a few), and a spellbinding array of life stories to illustrate the early days of blues guitar in rich and resounding detail. In these chapters, you'll meet Sylvester Weaver, who recorded the world's first guitar solos, and Paramount Records artists Papa Charlie Jackson, Blind Lemon Jefferson, and Blind Blake, the \"King of Ragtime Blues Guitar.\" Blind Willie McTell, the Southeast's superlative twelve-string guitar player, and Blind Willie Johnson, street-corner evangelist of sublime gospel blues, also get their due, as do Lonnie Johnson, the era's most influential blues guitarist; Mississippi John Hurt, with his gentle, guileless voice and syncopated fingerpicking style; and slide guitarist Tampa Red, \"the Guitar Wizard.\"
Drawing on a deep archive of documents, photographs, record company ads, complete discographies, and up-to-date findings of leading researchers, this is the most comprehensive and complete account ever written of the early stars of blues guitar-an essential chapter in the history of American music.
eBook
Debt and Redemption in the Blues
No detailed description available for \"Debt and Redemption in the Blues\".
eBook
'I Walked from Dallas, I Walked to Wichita Falls': Blind Lemon Jefferson's Enduring Ramble
Lemon Henry \"Blind Lemon\" Jefferson was born in 1893 on a sharecropper farm near Couchman TX, north of Wortham in Freestone County; he died in Chicago IL in 1929. The cause of his blindness is unknown, but by the time he had reached his teens, Lemon was an accomplished musician. His impact and success were instantaneous. As blues scholar David Evans notes, \"Jefferson was the first community-based folk blues singer/guitarist to become a star on phonograph records.\" Years later Yazoo Records, a company that specializes in reissuing early rural American music, proclaimed him \"King of the Country Blues.\" Aaron Thibeaux Walker, an electric guitar pioneer who earned fame as \"T-Bone\" Walker, was one of the lads enlisted to assist Jefferson. Black musicians like Walker were not the only one taking cues from Blind Lemon Jefferson.
Journal Article
The Punch Pocket Book
This article investigates the Punch Pocket Book, a calendar and notebook sold by Bradbury and Evans between 1843 and 1881, as a business venture. Its main object is to examine this lavishly illustrated publication (whose main selling point was a coloured fold-out frontispiece drawn by the Punch senior cartoonists) as the expression of its publishers’ business acumen and fine understanding of the volatile and highly competitive Victorian market. The essay also sheds light on the impact of the Pocket Book on the careers of some of the Punch artists whose work was showcased and advertised in the little volumes.
Journal Article