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"Length measurement."
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Can myometrial thickness/cervical length ratio predict preterm delivery in singleton pregnancies with threatened preterm labor? A prospective study
Objective
To investigate whether myometrial thickness (MT) to cervical length (CL) ratio could be used in the prediction of preterm birth (PTB) in singleton pregnancies presented with threatened preterm labor (TPL).
Methods
After 48 h of successful tocolysis, MT was measured transabdominally from the fundal, mid-anterior walls and the lower uterine segment (LUS) in 46 pregnancies presented with TPL. MT measurements were divided into CL, individually. The main outcome was PTB before 37 weeks of gestation.
Results
The patients were divided into two groups as women delivered ≥ 37 weeks (38.68 ± 1.01 weeks) (
n
= 25) and those delivered < 37 weeks (34.28 ± 2.53 weeks) (
n
= 21). The mean ± SD CL in the preterm delivery group was significantly shorter than the term delivery group (23.77 ± 9.23 vs 29.91 ± 7.03 mm,
p
< 0.05). Fundal, mid-anterior or LUS MT values were similar in both groups. However, in those who delivered preterm, the ratios of fundal MT-to-CL (
p
= 0.026) and mid-anterior MT-to-CL (
p
= 0.0085) were significantly different compared to those delivered at term. The optimal cutoff values for CL, fundal MT-to-CL and mid-anterior MT-to-CL ratios in predicting PTB were calculated as 31.1 mm, 0.19 and 0.20, respectively. Fundal MT-to-CL ratio predicted preterm delivery with 71% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 68% positive and 75% negative predictive values. For mid-anterior MT-to-CL ratio, respective values were 76, 76, 73 and 79%.
Conclusion
Measurement of MT along with CL may offer a promising method in the management of women presented with TPL.
Journal Article
Research on Length Optimization of Fiber of Length Measurement Method Based on Opto-Electronic Oscillator
Precision length measurement is one of the key techniques of modern manufacturing and industrial mechanics. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity and the corresponding relation between oscillation frequencies and group delay of the loop, the novel length measurement method based on Opto-Electronic Oscillator promises high accuracy absolute length measurement at long range. The length of optical fiber, which affects the characteristic of measurement and signal spectrum, is the key variable parameter, and has a great influence on the length measurement error. In this paper, the most important fiber-length-dependent errors, including the thermally-induced error and the error induced by frequency measurement error, are theoretically analyzed based on the principle of OEO. The fiber-length-dependent error model is established. And the optimum fiber length is deduced according to the model, and practical optimal design way of fiber length is proposed to reduce length measurement error. Experiments on different length of fiber are carried out to verify the optimization of this length measurement method. The results are insistent with the theory, showing the optimization method is effective and practical to reduce the fiber-length-dependent error.
Journal Article
Length word problems
\"This book offers readers insight into solving length word problems. Designed to support the Common Core State Standards, this title includes strategies such as using drawings, symbols, and number lines solve problems. Real-world examples and engaging text make learning meaningful to young readers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The interaction between vaginal microbiota, cervical length, and vaginal progesterone treatment for preterm birth risk
Preterm birth is the primary cause of infant death worldwide. A short cervix in the second trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for preterm birth. In specific patient cohorts, vaginal progesterone reduces this risk. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we undertook a prospective study in women at risk of preterm birth (n = 161) to assess (1) the relationship between vaginal microbiota and cervical length in the second trimester and preterm birth risk and (2) the impact of vaginal progesterone on vaginal bacterial communities in women with a short cervix.
Lactobacillus iners dominance at 16 weeks of gestation was significantly associated with both a short cervix <25 mm (n = 15, P < 0.05) and preterm birth <34
weeks (n = 18; P < 0.01; 69% PPV). In contrast, Lactobacillus crispatus dominance was highly predictive of term birth (n = 127, 98% PPV). Cervical shortening and preterm birth were not associated with vaginal dysbiosis. A longitudinal characterization of vaginal microbiota (<18, 22, 28, and 34 weeks) was then undertaken in women receiving vaginal progesterone (400 mg/OD, n = 25) versus controls (n = 42). Progesterone did not alter vaginal bacterial community structure nor reduce L. iners-associated preterm birth (<34 weeks).
L. iners dominance of the vaginal microbiota at 16 weeks of gestation is a risk factor for preterm birth, whereas L. crispatus dominance is protective against preterm birth. Vaginal progesterone does not appear to impact the pregnancy vaginal microbiota. Patients and clinicians who may be concerned about \"infection risk\" associated with the use of a vaginal pessary during high-risk pregnancy can be reassured.
Journal Article
Math on the move
Discusses the use of map when traveling, from choosing the the best route and type of transit, to calculating time, figuring out time zones, planning expenses and more.
Book
Cervical pessary in pregnant women with a short cervix (PECEP): an open-label randomised controlled trial
Summary Background Most previous studies of the use of cervical pessaries were either retrospective or case controlled and their results showed that this intervention might be a preventive strategy for women at risk of preterm birth; no randomised controlled trials have been undertaken. We therefore undertook a randomised, controlled trial to investigate whether the insertion of a cervical pessary in women with a short cervix identified by use of routine transvaginal scanning at 20–23 weeks of gestation reduces the rate of early preterm delivery. Methods The Pesario Cervical para Evitar Prematuridad (PECEP) trial was undertaken in five hospitals in Spain. Pregnant women (aged 18–43 years) with a cervical length of 25 mm or less were randomly assigned according to a computer-generated allocation sequence by use of central telephone in a 1:1 ratio to the cervical pessary or expectant management (without a cervical pessary) group. Because of the nature of the intervention, this study was not masked. The primary outcome was spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00706264. Findings 385 pregnant women with a short cervix were assigned to the pessary (n=192) and expectant management groups (n=193), and 190 were analysed in each group. Spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks of gestation was significantly less frequent in the pessary group than in the expectant management group (12 [6%] vs 51 [27%], odds ratio 0·18, 95% CI 0·08–0·37; p<0·0001). No serious adverse effects associated with the use of a cervical pessary were reported. Interpretation Cervical pessary use could prevent preterm birth in a population of appropriately selected at-risk women previously screened for cervical length assessment at the midtrimester scan. Funding Instituto Carlos III.
Journal Article
Using a ruler
Reviews the basics of rulers and observe them being used by scientists as well as by professionals in the working world.
Book
