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The making of the medieval Middle East : religion, society, and simple believers
In the second half of the first millennium CE, the Christian Middle East fractured irreparably into competing churches and Arabs conquered the region, setting in motion a process that would lead to its eventual conversion to Islam. Jack Tannous argues that key to understanding these dramatic religious transformations are ordinary religious believers, often called \"the simple\" in late antique and medieval sources. Largely agrarian and illiterate, these Christians outnumbered Muslims well into the era of the Crusades, and yet they have typically been invisible in our understanding of the Middle East's history. What did it mean for Christian communities to break apart over theological disagreements that most people could not understand? How does our view of the rise of Islam change if we take seriously the fact that Muslims remained a demographic minority for much of the Middle Ages? In addressing these and other questions, Tannous provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious history of the medieval Middle East. This provocative book draws on a wealth of Greek, Syriac, and Arabic sources to recast these conquered lands as largely Christian ones whose growing Muslim populations are properly understood as converting away from and in competition with the non-Muslim communities around them. -- Publisher, inside front flap of dust jacket.
Book
Expressions of cult in the Southern Levant in the Greco-Roman period : manifestations in text and material culture
The arrival of Alexander the Great in the southern Levant ushered in many changes, and the subsequent period saw many more upheavals, including the Roman conquest, the Jewish revolts, and the gradual Christianization of the Holy Land. Throughout this period, many local 'pagan,' Jewish, and Christian cults and cultic places dotted the local landscape of the southern Levant, which today covers the area of Israel, Jordan, and parts of Lebanon and southern Syria. These cults underwent processes of profound change, but also preserved much of their older identities while still interacting with each other. This volume seeks to present these processes both synchronically and diachronically, along three different axes - cultic places, personnel, and objects. The common denominator shared by these three axes is the people whose beliefs and practices shaped religious behaviour in the Greco-Roman southern Levant. The 18 articles in this volume investigate whether cultic practices formed a coherent cultural system. They consider the co-existence and competition of the different religious systems, analyzing them in terms of continuity, discontinuity, and change over an extended period of time, roughly from the arrival of Alexander the Great to the Imperial integration of Christianity (ca. late fourth century BCE - early fifth century CE). The approaches presented in the volume are varied and interdisciplinary, combining archaeological, philological, historical, and art-historical analyses of multiple bodies of evidence.
Book
Praças em Cena: algumas ações estéticopolíticas do início da década de 2010
O início da década de 2010 foi marcado pela eclosão de grandes protestos, como a Primavera Árabe, o Occupy Wall Street, as Jornadas de Junho, entre outros. Apesar da diferença de contextos, a maior parte dessas manifestações populares apresentava características comuns, dentre elas uma forte interação entre corpo, estética e política. O artigo se propõe a destacar o aspecto performativo dessas insurreições, a partir de exemplos que ocorreram em praças do mundo todo.
Journal Article
Where does Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) really breed in a Mediterranean residential area? Results from a field study in Valencia, Eastern Spain
Since its introduction in Spain in 2004, Aedes albopictus has rapidly spread across the country. Its aggressive biting behaviour causes nuisance, limiting outdoor activities. Also, its role as a vector of several arboviruses implies a major public health risk, with several cases of autochthonous dengue having been reported nationwide over the past few years. Control strategies usually focus on interventions in breeding sites. As such, accurate knowledge of the main larval habitats becomes a major priority in infested areas. A detailed identification of breeding sites of Ae. albopictus was carried out in the outdoors of 60 residential properties during July–August 2022 in El Vedat de Torrent (Valencia, Eastern Spain), an area recently colonised by this species. A total of 1444 real and potential breeding sites were examined. The most abundant potential larval habitat were plant pot plates (6.48 units/house), although a low infestation level was found, both for larvae (2.06% positivity, x̄ = 30.5 larvae/container), and pupae (0.51%, x̄ = 2.5 pupae/container). A total of 7715 larvae and 205 pupae were found in a disused flooded water pool depuration system. Animal drinkers, buckets and irrigation water containers were found to be the most common positive containers. No statistical difference was observed among the different container materials. A general statistical increase of 1 larva per 11.7 ml of water in breeding sites was detected. Breeding sites of other species such as Culex pipiens ( n = 2) and Culex modestus ( n = 1) were also rarely found in this residential area. To our knowledge, this is the first aedic index study carried out in Europe, and it provides valuable information about the main domestic breeding habitats of Ae. albopictus , which can greatly improve control programmes.
Journal Article
Can non-europeans think?
'In Can Non-Europeans Think? Dabashi takes his subtle but vigorous polemic to another level.'
Pankaj Mishra What happens to thinkers who operate outside the European philosophical pedigree? In this powerfully honed polemic, Hamid Dabashi argues that they are invariably marginalised, patronised and misrepresented. Challenging, pugnacious and stylish, Can Non-Europeans Think? forges a new perspective in postcolonial theory by examining how intellectual debate continues to reinforce a colonial regime of knowledge, albeit in a new guise. Based on years of scholarship and activism, this insightful collection of philosophical explorations is certain to unsettle and delight in equal measure.
eBook
Histological description of the early gonadal development of Arapaima gigas, paiche
Arapaima gigas, paiche, is the largest freshwater fish species in the South American Amazon. Despite the importance of an accurate understanding of the species' gonadal sexual differentiation mechanisms, the gonadogenesis process is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the histological characteristics of the early gonadal development of paiche fry, belonging to the same “levante” (“levante” is the word used to describe the removal of fry from the male paiche). The fry was sampled during the month of September 2016; from the 5‐day post “levante” (dpl) to the 51 dpl with a minimum size of 2.7 cm and a maximum size of 16.0 cm in total length. The histology showed a large concentration of cells in the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity in 5 dpl fry, being greater in the left side. In addition, the gonadal ridges appeared at 6 dpl and the gonadal primordia appeared at 7 dpl. The two gonadal primordia were observed with different sizes, where the left primordia were larger and more basophilic than the right primordia. Finally, gonad differentiation between presumable females and males were observed with some structural differentiation between presumable females and presumable males since 43 post hatching day.
Journal Article
Saint George Between Empires
This volume examines Saint George's intertwined traditions in
the competing states of the eastern Mediterranean and
Transcaucasia, demonstrating how rival conceptions of this
well-known saint became central to Crusader, Eastern Christian, and
Islamic medieval visual cultures.
Saint George Between Empires links the visual cultures
of Byzantium, North Africa, the Levant, Syria, and the Caucasus
during the Crusader era to redraw our picture of interfaith
relations and artistic networks. Heather Badamo recovers and
recontextualizes a vast body of images and literature-from
etiquette manuals and romances to miracle accounts and
chronicles-to describe the history of Saint George during a period
of religious and political fragmentation, between his \"rise\" to
cross-cultural prominence in the eleventh century and his
\"globalization\" in the fifteenth. In Badamo's analysis, George
emerges as an exemplar of cross-cultural encounter and global
translation.
Featuring important new research on monuments and artworks that
are no longer available to scholars as a result of the occupation
of Syria and parts of Iraq, Saint George Between Empires
will be welcomed by scholars of Byzantine, medieval, Islamic, and
Eastern Christian art and cultural studies.
eBook
Effect of increasing levels of Chlorella spp. on the in vitro fermentation and methane production of a corn silage-based diet
Background: Generally, the forages used in cowcalf and backgrounding cattle operations have low crude protein and high fiber concentration, limiting animal performance and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Chlorellaspp., a green microalga, shows promising potential to provide nutrients, especially nitrogen, to lowprotein diets. However, information is limited regarding the effects of Chlorellaspp. on the in vitrofermentation and methane (CH4) production of diets. Objective: To evaluate the effects of increasing inclusion levels of algae (Chlorellaspp.) on ruminal in vitrofermentation profile and CH4 production of a corn silagebased diet. Methods: Incubations were conducted on three separate days using corn silage and gin trash as substrate (70:30 ratio, respectively). Treatments were control (without algae) and 1, 5, and 10% of algae inclusion in the substrate replacing the basal diet. Ruminal fluid was collected from two ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers fed ad libituma corn silage and gin trash diet. Final pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), in vitroorganic matter digestibility (IVOMD), total gas, and CH4 production were determined after 24 h of incubation. Variables were evaluated. using the MIXED procedure of SAS software, and means were compared using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. Results: Algae inclusion linearly increased (p<0.01) the IVOMD. However, the final pH and concentration of VFA and NH3N did not differ (p>0.05) among algae levels. Molar proportion of VFA and the acetate:propionate ratio was not affected (p>0.05) by increasing algae inclusion. Finally, total gas and CH4 production were not different (p>0.05) among treatments. Conclusion: The inclusion of Chlorellaspp. does not modify the ruminal in vitrofermentation profile nor the CH4 production of a corn silagebased diet.
Journal Article
The use of webcam images to determine tourist–climate aptitude: favourable weather types for sun and beach tourism on the Alicante coast (Spain)
Climate has an obvious influence on tourism as a resource and as a location factor for tourist activities. Consequently, the tourist phenomenon in general is heavily controlled by meteorological conditions—in short, by the climate. In this article, the author proposes a set of weather types with which to establish the climate aptitude for sun and beach tourism. To determine these types, the density of use of one of the beaches with the lowest seasonality in continental Europe, the Levante Beach in Benidorm (Alicante, Spain), was analysed. Beach attendance was monitored using a webcam installed by the “Agencia Valenciana de Turismo”. The relationship between the density of use of the lower and upper beach areas on the one hand, and meteorological variables on the other, allowed comfort (physiological equivalent temperature) and enjoyment (fractions of solar radiation) thresholds to be established. The appropriate hydric comfort values were obtained by comparing the ranges proposed by Besancenot in 1989 [Besancenot (
1989
)
Clima et turismes
. Massom, París] with numbers of visitors to the beach. The wind velocity and precipitation thresholds were selected following consultation with the literature and considering the climatic characteristics of the environment under analysis. Based on a combination of these thresholds, weather types suitable for this specific tourist activity are defined. Thus, this article presents a method for assessing the extent to which a day on the beach can be enjoyed. This has a number of applications, for planners, the tourism business and consumers alike. The use of this (filter) method in climate databases and meteorological forecasts could help determine the tourist season, the suitability of setting up a business associated with sun and beach tourism, as well as help plan holidays and program a day’s leisure activities. Thus, the article seeks to improve our understanding of the climate preferences of that tourist activity par excellence: sun and beach tourism.
Journal Article