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This valuable study explores the Russian Enlightenment with reference to the religious Enlightenment of the mid to late eighteenth century. Grounded in close reading of the sermons and devotional writings of Platon (Levshin), Court preacher and Metropolitan of Moscow, the book examines the blending of European ideas into the teachings of Russian Orthodoxy. Highlighting the interplay between Enlightenment thought and Orthodox enlightenment, Elise Wirtschafter addresses key questions of concern to religious Enlighteners across Europe: humanity's relationship to God and creation, the distinction between learning and enlightenment, the role of Christian love in authority relationships, the meaning of free will in a universe governed by Divine Providence, and the unity of church, monarchy, and civil society. Countering scholarship that depicts an Orthodox religious culture under assault from European modernity and Petrine absolutism, Wirtschafter emphasizes the ability of Russia's educated churchmen to assimilate and transform Enlightenment ideas. The intellectual and spiritual vitality of eighteenth-century Orthodoxy helps to explain how Russian policymakers and intellectuals met the challenge of European power while simultaneously coming to terms with the broad cultural appeal of the Enlightenment's universalistic human rights agenda. Religion and Enlightenment in Catherinian Russia defines the Russian Enlightenment as a response to the allure of European modernity, as an instrument of social control, and as the moral voice of an emergent independent society. Because Russia's enlightened intellectuals focused on the moral perfectibility of the individual human being, rather than social and political change, the originality of the Russian Enlightenment has gone unrecognized. This study corrects images of a superficial Enlightenment and crisis-ridden religious culture, arguing that in order to understand the humanistic sensibility and emphasis on individual dignity that permeate Russian intellectual history, and the history of the educated classes more broadly, it is necessary to bring Orthodox teachings into the discussion of Enlightenment thought. The result is a book that explains the distinctive origins of modern Russian culture while also allowing scholars to situate the Russian Enlightenment in European and global history.

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of emergence of analytical conclusions in Russian historical science at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on the historiographical analysis of the text of “Concise Russian Church History” of Metropolitan Platon (Levshin) the author makes an attempt to demonstrate that scientific analytics is formed in the historical discourse through authors sentence, the deductive excursus created by the author in the process of making a text and providing the discovery of the pragmatic sense of the narrative. On the basis of the purpose of sentence in general text linguistics, the author makes an assumption that such a sentential generalization finds its way into the historical work of Metropolitan Platon through the orthodox homiletics, making the structure of authors narrative similar in a sense and purpose to a sermon. Methods. The research is based on the hermeneutic research method supplemented by the comparative historical and linguistic methods of text research. Applying the historiographical methods results in analyzing the sense and purpose of sentences in the text of historical composition of Metropolitan Platon. Analysis. The article describes a number of coincidences of some sentential generalizations suggested by Metropolitan Platon with sentences included in Karamzins “History of Russian State”. In particular, the researcher remarks the meaning coincidences of authors sentences in evaluating Russian paganism as well as in characterizing Russian society shortly before and after the Mongol-Tatar invasion. He emphasizes some differences in using authors sentences in these texts, analyses the reasons of these differences, finds out a place of sentences in every composition. Results. Finally, the researcher makes a conclusion that in spite of any differences in using sentential generalizations, in these compositions of Platon and Karamzin they form a summarizing part of their historical discourse as an inherent side of their writing styles in presenting historical material. Such a sentence becomes the first step in the formation of scientific analytics, allowing historians of the early 19th century to rise above information of the source, divide information flows, instill scientific discoursivity to the narrative, give conceptual importance to authors conclusions.

Vitaly Levshin, a 46-year-old Toronto-area resident and Israeli citizen of Ukrainian descent, was arrested on Nov. 30 and charged with sexually assaulting a 10-year-old boy, as well as producing and disseminating child pornography. Police have only been able to positively identify one of the victims, the 10-year-old Toronto boy who was allegedly assaulted five times in 2003 and 2004 in Toronto and the Ukraine. Toronto landmarks, such as the CN Tower and the waterfront, as well as Ontario licence plates made it clear that the boys were in Toronto, [Paul Gillespie] said.

GENERATION WAR BBC2, 9.30pm As the award-winning German drama set during The Second-World War...

Vitaly Levshin, a 46-year-old Toronto-area resident and Israeli citizen of Ukrainian descent, was arrested on Nov. 30 and charged with sexually assaulting a 10-year-old boy, as well as producing and disseminating child pornography. Levshin, who moved to Canada in 2000 and has landed immigrant status, came to the attention of Toronto police through a tip from Interpol in Jerusalem. They say Levshin played piano in three Toronto dance studios, and had taken out classified ads in a Russian-language newspaper requesting young boys to assist him at local performances.

An Israeli man living in Canada as a landed immigrant has been charged with sexual assault and making child pornography, Toronto police said yesterday.

TORONTO (CP) -- An Israeli man living in Canada as a landed immigrant has been charged with sexual assault and making child pornography, Toronto police said Tuesday. Authorities say [Vitaly Levshin] arrived in Canada in 2000 and was granted landed immigrant status, but efforts to start extradition proceedings -- which had to be initiated by Israeli authorities -- were rejected. An officer with the agency obtained an immigration arrest warrant for Levshin in November, and police say he was arrested in Toronto the next day.

Vitaly Levshin, a 46-year-old Toronto-area resident and Israeli citizen of Ukrainian descent, was arrested on Nov. 30 and charged with sexually assaulting a 10-year-old boy, as well as producing and disseminating child pornography. Police have only been able to positively identify one of the victims, the 10-year-old Toronto boy who was allegedly assaulted five times in 2003 and 2004 in Toronto and the Ukraine.

Authorities say [Vitaly Levshin] arrived in Canada in 2000 and was granted landed immigrant status, but efforts to start extradition proceedings -- which had to be initiated by Israeli authorities -- were rejected. An officer with the agency obtained an immigration arrest warrant for Levshin in November, and police say he was arrested in Toronto the next day. Photo: (Vitaly) Levshin

An Israeli man living in Canada as a landed immigrant has been charged with sexual assault and making child pornography, Toronto police said Tuesday. Authorities say [Vitaly Levshin] arrived in Canada in 2000 and was granted landed immigrant status, but efforts to start extradition proceedings - which had to be initiated by Israeli authorities - were rejected. Vitaly Levshin, shown in this undated police handout, an Israeli man living in Canada as a landed immigrant, has been charged with sexual assault and making child pornography, Toronto police said Tuesday. Levshin, 46, was charged with sexual assault, sexual interference, and making and possessing child pornography after being arrested in November.