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Defending Doxasticism about Religious Conviction and Political Ideology
Many theorists argue that most religious and political attitudes are not genuine beliefs since they do not seem to behave the way ordinary beliefs do. For example, they do not seem to be properly evidence-responsive or to connect to action the way \"ordinary\" or \"mundane\" beliefs do. After considering arguments for non-doxasticism in the religious and political domains (section 2), I offer some counter-arguments that have been given to the non-doxasticist claims, and this section will draw on some of Neil Levy's work (section 3). His main strategy is to show that there is not as much of a disconnect between religious and political beliefs on the one hand, and \"ordinary\" or \"factual\" beliefs on the other. Levy also casts doubt on the significance of the empirical literature appealed to in support of non-doxasticism. After discussing the arguments for and against non-doxasticism about religious and political beliefs, I will argue (section 4) that, rather than viewing the resilience of these beliefs, and their tenuous connection to action, as a reason to conclude they are not beliefs, we should see this a reason to revisit the \"standard\" view of belief. My preferred way of viewing belief is as a kind of emotion where emotions are understood as blended states that transcend the cognitive/non-cognitive divide. If beliefs are emotions, then they should be evaluated as such. To evaluate the appropriateness of belief we have to think, not only about whether the evidence supports the truth of the proposition believed, but also about whether the belief serves the more complex role of navigation, coherence and agential flourishing.
Journal Article
Amazons : a love story
\"When E.J. Levy arrived in northern Brazil on a fellowship from Yale at the age of 21, she was hoping to save the Amazon rain forest; she didn't realize she would soon have to save herself. Amazons: a love story recounts an idealistic young woman's coming of age against the backdrop of the magnificent rain forest and exotic city of Salvador.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Are conspiracy beliefs epistemically innocent?
When people share a nonmainstream explanation of a significant event and the explanation involves a plot, that explanation is often called a conspiracy theory. As Karen Douglas and her collaborators have persuasively argued, conspiracy theories respond to people's need for a causal explanation of the significant event, and also address their needs for closure, control, and uniqueness. Conspiracy theories do not always lead to social exclusion and stigmatisation, because they are often shared in well-defined social groups, and are not typically responsible for disrupting people's lives. However, beliefs in conspiracy theories are considered as implausible and unshakeable by those who endorse the mainstream explanation of the significant event. So, conspiracy theories attract epistemic disapproval. In this paper I ask whether beliefs in conspiracy theories potentially meet the conditions for epistemic innocence. An epistemically innocent belief is thought to be epistemically irrational but also carries an epistemic benefit that could not be easily attained otherwise. By comparing beliefs in conspiracy theories with other beliefs that have a potential for epistemic innocence, such as distorted memory beliefs, motivated delusions, confabulatory explanations, and optimistically biased beliefs, I make a case for the epistemic innocence potential of conspiracy beliefs. In the end, I defend the view that there are some advantages in asking whether beliefs in conspiracy theories are epistemically innocent even though there is no satisfactory answer to that question that applies to all cases of conspiracy belief.
Journal Article
Underdog : confessions of a right-wing gay Jewish muckraker
An autobiography of Canadian journalist Sue-Ann Levy.
Book
Emotional Imperialism
How might people be wronged in relation to their feelings, moods, and emotions? Recently philosophers have begun to investigate the idea that these kinds of wrongs may constitute a distinctive form of injustice: affective injustice. In previous work, we have outlined a particular form of affective injustice that we called emotional imperialism. This paper has two main aims. First, we aim to provide an expanded account of the forms that emotional imperialism can take. We will do so by drawing inspiration from William Reddy's (2001) concept of an emotional regime and investigating ways in which colonial powers of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries sought to impose their emotional regimes on their colonial subjects. Second, we will offer more expansive accounts of both emotional imperialism and affective injustice that can accommodate these additional forms of emotional imperialism.
Journal Article
The cost of living : a working autobiography
\"What does it cost a woman to unsettle old boundaries and collapse social hierarchies that make her a minor character in a world not arranged to her advantage? This vibrant memoir, a portrait of contemporary womanhood in flux, is an urgent quest to find an unwritten major female character who can exist more easily in the world. Levy considers what it means to live with meaning, value, and pleasure, to seize the ultimate freedom of writing our own lives, and reflects on the work of such artists and thinkers as Simone de Beauvoir, James Baldwin, Elena Ferrante, Marguerite Duras, David Lynch, and Emily Dickinson. The Cost of Living is crucial testimony, as distinctive, witty, complex, and original as Levy's acclaimed novels\"--Dust jacket.
Book
Amy Levy
Amy Levy has risen to prominence in recent years as one of the most innovative and perplexing writers of her generation. Embraced by feminist scholars for her radical experimentation with queer poetic voice and her witty journalistic pieces on female independence, she remains controversial for her representations of London Jewry that draw unmistakably on contemporary antisemitic discourse.Amy Levy: Critical Essaysbrings together scholars working in the fields of Victorian cultural history, women's poetry and fiction, and the history of Anglo-Jewry. The essays trace the social, intellectual, and political contexts of Levy's writing and its contemporary reception. Working from close analyses of Levy's texts, the collection aims to rethink her engagement with Jewish identity, to consider her literary and political identifications, to assess her representations of modern consumer society and popular culture, and to place her life and work within late-Victorian cultural debate.This book is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students offering both a comprehensive literature review of scholarship-to-date and a range of new critical perspectives.Contributors:Susan David Bernstein,University of Wisconsin-MadisonGail Cunningham,Kingston UniversityElizabeth F. Evans,Pennslyvania State University-DuBoisEmma Francis,Warwick UniversityAlex Goody,Oxford Brookes UniversityT. D. Olverson,University of Newcastle upon TyneLyssa Randolph,University of Wales, NewportMeri-Jane Rochelson,Florida International University
eBook
House of Secrets : the many lives of a Florentine palazzo
When Italian Renaissance professor Allison Levy takes up residency in the palazzo of her dreams - the Palazzo Rucellai in Florence - she finds herself consumed by the space and swept into the vortex of its history. She spends every waking moment in dustry Florentine libraries and exploring the palazzo's myriad rooms seeking to uncover its secrets. As she unearths the stories of those who have lived behind its celebrated facade, she discovers that it has been witness to weddings, suicides, orgies and even a murder. Entwining Levy's own experiences with the ghosts of the Palazzo Rucellai's past, House of Secrets paints a scintillating portrait of a family, a palace and one of the most iconic cities in the world.
Book
A Levy flight-based grey wolf optimizer combined with back-propagation algorithm for neural network training
In the present study, a new algorithm is developed for neural network training by combining a gradient-based and a meta-heuristic algorithm. The new algorithm benefits from simultaneous local and global search, eliminating the problem of getting stuck in local optimum. For this purpose, first the global search ability of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is improved with the Levy flight, a random walk in which the jump size follows the Levy distribution, which results in a more efficient global search in the search space thanks to the long jumps. Then, this improved algorithm is combined with back propagation (BP) to use the advantages of enhanced global search ability of GWO and local search ability of BP algorithm in training neural network. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated by comparing it against a number of well-known meta-heuristic algorithms using twelve classification and function-approximation datasets.
Journal Article