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L'article propose une brève épistémologie des études de parenté -- lesquelles occupent une place centrale au sein de la discipline anthropologique -- afin d'en faire ressortir une des constantes les plus inattendues : le recours insistant à la notion de consanguinité. On doit se demander cependant dans quelle mesure celle-ci possède une pertinence universelle ou n'est pas plutôt dérivée de notre sens commun. L'itinéraire proposé débute avec Lewis H. Morgan pour rejoindre, par l'intermédiaire de William H. R. Rivers, Claude Lévi-Strauss qui met ouvertement l'accent sur l'alliance, autrement dit sur la matrimonialité. Il salue au passage la figure de Alfred L. Kroeber qui très tôt s'est méfié de toute interprétation par trop exclusivement sociologique des faits de parenté et, notamment, de la nomenclature.

This investigation confirms that the existence of the hydrogen spillover effect (HSPE) in the case of metal catalysts supported on non-reducible monoxides or zeolites is based on a strong corpus of experimental studies, enlarging and deepening previous statements. The structure of hydrogen spillover consists of H/OH pairs conjugated with Mm+/Op− pairs (p = 1 or 2). It is formed by dehydroxylation followed by OH/OH exchange or by the hydrogenation of conjugated pairs. Such a structure imposes the following chemical processes: (i) hydrogenations take place over OH Brönsted acid sites (BAS); (ii) they are excluded over Mm+/Op− Lewis acid sites (LASs), which are deactivating or dehydrogenating; (iii) surface diffusion of hydrogen spillover proceeds through the migration of H/H pairs from LASs to LASs; (iv) the diffusion rates are determined by the oxide supports’ basicity; and (v) H/D exchange is proof of the existence of hydrogen spillover. The nature of hydrogen spillover (radical/ionic) depends on the polarity of the H/OH pairs, which in turn, is determined by the basicity of the support. Our concept of conjugated active sites is a good descriptor of the reaction paths at the molecular level. The view of LASs bringing about additional activity to BAS is not pertinent.

The relative Brønsted-acid strengths of H-[Al]ZSM-5, H-[Fe]ZSM-5, H-[B]ZSM-5, silicalite, P-SPP, tungstated zirconia, ZrO 2 , and γ-Al 2 O 3 were studied using H-D exchange with toluene and chlorobenzene. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of toluene-h 8 and chlorobenzene-h 5 from the deuterated forms of H-[Al]ZSM-5, H-[Fe]ZSM-5, and P-SPP demonstrated that the temperature at which H-D exchange rates become significant change with the proton affinity of the aromatic molecule and the strength of the Brønsted sites. The steady-state, gas-phase reaction between D 2 O and the aromatic molecules were consistent with the TPD results and allowed the Brønsted-acid site strengths to be ordered as follows: H-[Al]ZSM-5 > H-[Fe]ZSM-5 > tungstated zirconia > P-SPP > H-[B]ZSM-5. H-D exchange was also observed at high temperatures with ZrO 2 and γ-Al 2 O 3 but it appears that the reaction mechanism with these Lewis acids is different because reaction with toluene and chlorobenzene occur at nearly the same temperature. It is suggested that the H-D exchange reaction with simple aromatic molecules is a useful way to probe Brønsted acidity in solids. Graphical Abstract

This study focuses on texts exploring human proclivity to violent behaviour. Building on the anthropological insights of René Girard, and on the premise that literature is a reflection of a cultural moment, Curyłło-Klag shows how early modernism registers symptoms of crisis which even the outbreak of World War I failed to resolve. Arranged in chronological order, the works of Conrad, Lewis and Lawrence reveal an unfolding pattern and form a triptych, indicative of the growing intensity of the epoch in which they were produced.

Although periodicals have long been vital to modernist studies, architectural journals have been widely ignored, despite the fact that authors from all major British literary groups were committed contributors. Through their efforts, writers bridged two momentous publications: London's Architectural Review, a trade journal that became British architectural modernism's mouthpiece in the 1930s, and Horizon, which, as Sean Latham argues, “deliberately ... staged the end of the modernist ‘little magazine.‘” In these journals, D.H. Lawrence, W.H. Auden, and others submitted not just fiction and poetry but also buildings and architectural publications to close reading processes, while architects proclaimed that modernist structures displayed formal difficulty akin to that of modernist poetry. By exploring architecture as a “new, three-dimensional poetry,” these figures merged Le Corbusier's “a house is a machine for living in” with I.A. Richards's “a book is a machine to think with” to create a shared critical impulse in the 1930s and 1940s.

What is the magic formula for turning a place into a high-tech capital? How can a city or region become a high-tech powerhouse like Silicon Valley? For over half a century, through boom times and bust, business leaders and politicians have tried to become \"the next Silicon Valley,\" but few have succeeded. This book examines why high-tech development became so economically important late in the twentieth century, and why its magic formula of people, jobs, capital, and institutions has been so difficult to replicate. Margaret O'Mara shows that high-tech regions are not simply accidental market creations but \"cities of knowledge\"--planned communities of scientific production that were shaped and subsidized by the original venture capitalist, the Cold War defense complex. At the heart of the story is the American research university, an institution enriched by Cold War spending and actively engaged in economic development. The story of the city of knowledge broadens our understanding of postwar urban history and of the relationship between civil society and the state in late twentieth-century America. It leads us to further redefine the American suburb as being much more than formless \"sprawl,\" and shows how it is in fact the ultimate post-industrial city. Understanding this history and geography is essential to planning for the future of the high-tech economy, and this book is must reading for anyone interested in building the next Silicon Valley.

Despite all that has been written on it, the Iraq war - its causes, agency and execution - has been shrouded in an ideological mist. Now, Muhammad Idrees Ahmad dispels the myths surrounding the war, taking a sociological approach to establish the war's causes, identify its agents and describe how it was sold. Ahmad presents a social history of the war's leading agents - the neoconservatives - and shows how this ideologically coherent group of determined political agents used the contingency of 9/11 to overwhelm a sceptical foreign policy establishment, military brass and intelligence apparatus, propelling the US into a war that a significant portion of the public opposed. The book includes an historical exploration of American militarism and of the increased post-WWII US role in the Middle East, as well as a reconsideration of the debates that John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt sparked after the publication of The Israel lobby and US Foreign Policy.