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Michael Johnson or \"Tiger Mandingo\" as he referred to himself on social media, engaged in sexual acts with six different men, all of whom claimed that Michael lied about living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a result, the State of Missouri charged him with recklessly infecting a partner with HIV exposing or attempting to expose another with HIV. With contradictory trial testimony, no genetic fingerprint testing, and little to no questioning of his sexual partners' credibility, the jury found Michael Johnson guilty of five felony counts which resulted in a 30-year prison sentence. Ultimately the Missouri Court of Appeals overturned Michael Johnson's conviction, but only on the function of a discovery violation; the court did not reach the question of whether Michael's 30-year sentence was cruel and unusual and thus constitutionally impermissible. However, Michael's conviction and sentencing sparked international attention towards how the United States continues to convict people living with HIV under archaic statutes that do not align with medical and scientific advancements or evolving moral standards. Today, HIV is a chronic disease, like diabetes, yet exposure to HIV is still treated as if it is a death sentence in both public opinion and American jurisprudence. These convictions and sentencing guidelines result in harsh sentences for punishments that do not match the crime, misplaces responsibility when two consenting adults choose to have sex, and raises the possibility of exposing people to wrongful convictions. While Missouri and other states have attempted to modernize these antiqued laws, the modernized laws require further analysis to determine whether they in step with the science and if people living with HIV are still vulnerable to harsh sentences and wrongful convictions. This article identifies major legal considerations of the modernized laws and provides guidance on reform.

Wilson demonstrates Michael Lewis's writing does more than simply explore or celebrate the market of a given sport. More accurately he makes \"sport\" of markets, in the sense that he overextends the market conceit, sometimes giddily; sometimes satirically; and sometimes by overinvesting in it himself. In The Blind Side, he asks to reconceive markets to take what they commonly describe as an impersonal, abstract force and turn it into a field of managerial planning, bloody struggle, and even violence. In his desire to elaborate the seriocomic parallels between high finance and the NFL, Lewis often ends lip lampooning the NCAA and miscasting the laborers, the very real players who rise players who rise or fall within the college-to-NFL market.

To examine the validity of Australias National Assessment Programme for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) tests, Katrina Grasby, Brian Byrne and Richard Olson relate the performance of twins on the NAPLAN tests to their performance on individually administered literacy tests in the article entitled Validity of large-scale school reading tests: A phenotypic and behaviour-genetic analysis. Australian Council for Educational Research 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0004944115569161 aed.sagepub.com Editorial 4 Australian Journal of Education 59(1) David Pitt explores how high school students choice between a general mathematics and a specialist mathematics class might lead to dierences in the scores which determine the university degrees in which they can enrol. [...]in her review of the book A Brimming Cup, Alison Mackinnon reveals how the author, Elizabeth Kleinhenz, weaves a multifaceted picture of the life and work of Kathleen Fitzpatrick (19051990), as a historian, academic and woman during the 20th century.

Lewis discovered an abundance of compelling, occasionally bizarre personalities and events to write about during a rollercoaster ride that saw the Lancers play a role in helping professional soccer gain a foothold in the United States. [...]back in 1976 and '77, some of the Lancers were earning $4,000 a year, which put them below the poverty level. The NASL's survival was historically significant, according to Lewis, because it eventually resulted in Pele and other international stars coming to America to play, laying the foundation for Major League Soccer, which has experienced a dramatic rise in popularity in the past decade.