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"Life cycle costing"
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Life Cycle Assessment - Principles, Practice and Prospects
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has developed in Australia over the last 20 years into a technique for systematically identifying the resource flows and environmental impacts associated with the provision of products and services. Interest in LCA has accelerated alongside growing demand to assess and reduce greenhouse gas emissions across different manufacturing and service sectors. This book focuses on the reflective practice of LCA, and provides critical insight into the technique and how it can be used as a problem-solving tool. It describes the distinctive strengths and limitations of LCA, with an emphasis on practice in Australia, as well as in waste management, the built environment, water and agriculture. Supported by examples and case studies, each chapter investigates contemporary challenges for environmental assessment and performance improvement in these key sectors. Students, environmental managers and CEOs, consultants, and government and policy decision-makers will benefit from this book.
eBook
Whole life costing for sustainable building
\"Whole life costing is now integral to building procurement both for new buildings and major refurbishments. It is key when assessing investment scenarios for estates as well as individual buildings, and has become a tool for justifying higher capital cost items. Standard whole life costing methods combine capital cost, facilities costs, operational costs, income, and disposal costs with a \"single action - single benefit\" approach . In contrast, the unique appraoch used by the authors of this book explains how to analyse the operational and facilities costs of a building, while also taking into account secondary and tertiary costs of a variety of actions, for example: - the secondary effect of low energy lighting to cooling and heating loads - the multiple benefits of increased insulation - the effect of building orientation to the operating costs of the building - how design decisions affect occupant comfort The reader will be shown how to incorporate this new method of whole life costing into standard cost models, increasing their accuracy. Written by a team of authors immersed in whole life costing throughout their professional lives, this is the most practical guide to the topic available\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Life cycle assessment (LCA) : a guide to best practice
This first hands-on guide to ISO-compliant Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) makes this powerful tool immediately accessible to both professionals and students. Following a general introduction on the philosophy and purpose of LCA, the reader is taken through all the stages of a complete LCA analysis, with each step exemplified by real-life data from a major LCA project on beverage packaging. Measures as carbon and water footprint, based on the most recent international standards and definitions, are addressed. Written by two pioneers of LCA, this practical volume is targeted at first-time LCA users but equally makes a much-valued reference for more experienced practitioners.
Book
Life-Cycle Costing in Public Procurement in Hungary
This report provides Hungary with key recommendations and policy options to establish comprehensive and user-friendly methodologies and tools for the greater uptake of life-cycle costing (LCC) methodology in public procurement. The report introduces the concept of LCC and its links to the wider sustainable public procurement agenda, and maps the current practices in Hungary and existing LCC tools in other EU and OECD countries, with a view of drawing insights to promote the development and uptake of LCC tools.
eBook
Life-Cycle Costing in Public Procurement in Hungary
This report provides Hungary with key recommendations and policy options to establish comprehensive and user-friendly methodologies and tools for the greater uptake of life-cycle costing (LCC) methodology in public procurement. The report introduces the concept of LCC and its links to the wider sustainable public procurement agenda, and maps the current practices in Hungary and existing LCC tools in other EU and OECD countries, with a view of drawing insights to promote the development and uptake of LCC tools.
eBook
The Impact of Alternative Packaging on the Life Cycle of Wine on Tap
Sustainability is one of the main goals of the development policy and is also progressively gaining importance in the wine industry. The peculiar draught wine market is also strongly influenced by it. The current competitive conditions of the sector and the evolution of consumption styles have led to an increasing need for more accurate management strategies and analysis activities to determine the performance of wineries. This study aims to analyse both the environmental and the economic concerns of a commercial development strategy carried out by an Italian winery that is using three packaging formats (glass bottle, one way PET keg, and reusable steel keg) in the sale of Falanghina PGI wine in three different markets areas (domestic, Italy; regional, Germany; and international, USA). The assessment of the environmental and economic impact of the different formats on the three scenarios through an LCA and LCC analysis shows that the economic and environmental sustainability of packaging types can vary significantly depending on the market destinations. Nevertheless, the results show that PET, and especially reusable materials such as steel, can lead to a marked reduction in impacts on the market for tapped wine.
Journal Article
Life cycle sustainability assessments (LCSA) of four disposal scenarios for used polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in Mauritius
Improper disposal of post-consumer Polythylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles constitutes an eyesore to the environmental landscape and gives rise to numerous environmental and health-related nuisances. These problems impact negatively on the flourishing tourism industry in Mauritius. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine a sustainable disposal method among four selected disposal alternatives of post-consumer PET bottles in Mauritius. The disposal scenarios investigated were: 100 % landfilling (scenario 1); 75 % incineration with energy recovery and 25 % landfilling (scenario 2); 40 % flake production (partial recycling) and 60 % landfilling (scenario 3); and 75 % flake production and 25 % landfilling (scenario 4). Environmental impacts of the disposal alternatives were determined using ISO standardized life cycle assessment (LCA) and the SimaPro 7.1 software. Cost-effectiveness was determined using Life cycle costing (LCC) as described by the recent Code of Practice on LCC. An excel-based model was constructed to calculate the various costs. Social impacts were evaluated using Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) based on the UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment. For this purpose, a new and simple social life cycle impact assessment method was developed for aggregating inventory results. Finally, Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) was conducted to conclude the sustainable disposal route of post-consumer PET bottles in Mauritius. The methodology proposed to work out LCSA was to combine the three assessment tools: LCA, LCC and S-LCA using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results indicated that scenario 4 was the sustainable disposal method of post-consumer PET bottles. Scenario 1 was found to be the worst scenario.
Journal Article
Life cycle assessment of energy systems : closing the ethical loophole of social sustainability
This groundbreaking work is the most in-depth and state-of-the-art study on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of energy systems, the only volume available on this critical subject.Energy and sustainability are two of the most important and often most misunderstood subjects in our world today.
eBook
Dynamic ELCC assessment of hospital building: contrast assembled interior decoration with traditional interior decoration
Purpose
The construction sector significantly contributes to global carbon emissions (CE). Assembled buildings, especially assembled interior decoration (AID), have recently gained popularity due to their potential carbon reduction benefits. This study aims to explore the environmental and economic benefits of assembled interiors by comparing AID and traditional interior decoration (TID).
Methods
Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework, the environmental life cycle costing (ELCC) assessment process was refined and a Dynamic ELCC (D-ELCC) model specifically for hospital buildings was developed. The model was applied to compare two interior decoration techniques in the hospital case and identify key factors through sensitivity analysis, along with dynamic scenario interpretation to assess the environmental and economic impacts over the life cycle.
Results and discussion
AID lowers life cycle carbon emissions (LCCE) by 187.58 kg CO
2
-eq/m
2
. Excluding the operational phase, AID reduces CE by 57.95%. However, AID’s D-ELCC is higher by 131.14 yuan/m
2
($17.93). However, only the material production and transportation stages are more costly, possibly due to the immaturity of the assembly industry chain at present, resulting in higher initial investment costs. Nonetheless, AID's sustainability and economics are superior in the long term.
Conclusions
The application of AID in hospital buildings with high energy consumption can effectively enhance the environmental and economic benefits of such buildings. To improve the market competitiveness of AID, it is important to increase the use of eco-friendly materials, and to improve standardization and integration in design and production processes, thereby reducing D-ELCC across the board.
Journal Article