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Der Wasserrettungsdienst an deutschen Küsten im internationalen Vergleich
Der Wasserrettungsdienst an deutschen Küsten – eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe für das eingesetzte Personal! Es ist nicht nur eine qualitativ hochwertige Ausbildung, sondern auch Einsatzerfahrung und gute körperliche Fitness erforderlich. In dieser Arbeit wird kritisch hinterfragt, ob das überwiegend ehrenamtliche Personal, welches seitens der Hilfsorganisationen hierfür eingesetzt wird, diesen Anforderungen gerecht wird. Um dies zu überprüfen, entwickelt der Autor ein Bewertungsschema, welches einen Vergleich von Wasserrettungspersonal ermöglicht. Hierbei werden für die Kategorien Ausbildung, Routine und körperliche Fitness Punktwerte vergeben. Konkret werden die entsprechenden Qualifikationen aus Australien, Großbritannien und den USA mit dem deutschen Rettungsschwimmabzeichen in Silber und den dazugehörigen Durchführungsbestimmungen für den zentralen Wasserrettungsdienst an der Küste gegenübergestellt.
eBook
Boy-crazy Stacey
Accompanying the Pike family during a two-week vacation to the Jersey Shore, baby-sitter Stacey falls head over heels for a handsome lifeguard despite Mary Anne's warning that he is too old for her.
195 Public pool lifeguard visual scanning strategies: A virtual realityeye-tracking study
BackgroundLifeguards are crucial in ensuring patron safety at public pools, through scanning and surveillance to detect drowning victims. Whilst there are guidelines as to lifeguard to patron ratios for adequate supervision, there is no empirical evidence for these ratios.This research aimed to determine the ideal ratio of lifeguards to persons in the water to detect a potential drowning within an appropriate timeframe to prevent death or neurological damage, using virtual reality (VR) eye-tracking technology.MethodsFifty qualified lifeguards in Victoria, Australia viewed nine 360-degree VR videos of one or two pools that lasted 120 seconds each. Six videos contained simulated drownings, and three had no drowning. Videos were randomised with different scenes and patron numbers (25–115). Lifeguards noted if they identified a drowning victim. Time of identification was coded using the VR eye-tracking.ResultsWith >75 patrons, a drowning victim was not identified 50% of the time (p<.01). There was a moderate, positive, linear relationship between the time a drowning victim was identified and the number of patrons at the pool (p<.000). With >50 patrons, lifeguards tended to take >10 seconds to identify a drowning victim.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that with higher numbers of patrons in a pool, the ability of lifeguards to detect a drowning victim within the recommended time to prevent long-term effects decreases. Therefore, current guidelines for the ratio of patrons per lifeguard require review.Learning outcomesVR and eye-tracking technology provides a novel way to address research problems in a controlled safe environment.
Journal Article
“Dispatcher, Can You Help Me? A Woman Is Giving Birth”. A Pilot Study of Remote Video Assistance with Smart Glasses
Smart glasses (SG) could be a breakthrough in emergency situations, so the aim of this work was to assess the potential benefits of teleassistance with smart glasses (SG) from a midwife to a lifeguard in a simulated, unplanned, out-of-hospital birth (OHB). Thirty-eight lifeguards were randomized into SG and control (CG) groups. All participants were required to act in a simulated imminent childbirth with a maternal–fetal simulator (PROMPT Flex, Laerdal, Norway). The CG acted autonomously, while the SG group was video-assisted by a midwife through SG (Vuzix Blade, New York, NY, USA). The video assistance was based on the OHB protocol, speaking and receiving images on the SG. The performance time, compliance with the protocol steps, and perceived performance with the SG were evaluated. The midwife’s video assistance with SG allowed 35% of the SG participants to perform the complete OHB protocol. No CG participant was able to perform it (p = 0.005). All OHB protocol variables were significantly better in the SG group than in the CG (p < 0.05). Telemedicine through video assistance with SG is feasible so that a lifeguard with no knowledge of childbirth care can act according to the recommendations in a simulated, unplanned, uncomplicated OHB. Communication with the midwife by speaking and sending images to the SG is perceived as an important benefit to the performance.
Journal Article
In-water resuscitation during a surf rescue: Time lost or breaths gained? A pilot study
A technique called in-water resuscitation (IWR) was devised on a surfboard to ventilate persons who seemingly did not breathe upon a water rescue. Despite IWR still raises uncertainties regarding its applicability, this technique is recommended by the International Liaison Committee for Resuscitation (ILCOR). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of IWR with a rescue board before and during towing and, to compare rescue times and rescue-associated fatigue levels between rescues with rescue breath attempts and without (SR).
A randomized crossover pilot test was conducted: 1) IWR test with pocket mask and, 2) Conventional SR test. IWR tests were conducted using a Laerdal ResusciAnne manikin (Stavanger, Norway). Three groups of variables were recorded: a) rescue time (in s), b) effective ventilations during rescue, and c) rating of perceived effort (RPE).
Focusing on the rescue time, the performance SR was significantly faster than IWR rescue which took 61 s longer to complete the rescue (Z = −2.805; p = 0.005). No significant differences were found between techniques for the RPE (T = −1.890; p = 0.095). In the IWR analysis, lifeguards performed an average of 27 ± 12 rescue breaths.
The application of IWR on a rescue board is feasible both at the time of rescue and during towing. It shortens the reoxygenation time but delays the arrival time to shore. Both IWR and SR result in similar levels of perceived fatigue.
Journal Article
