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Information regarding the relative risks of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) as a result of sport participation is critical for shaping public health messages and for informing knee-OA prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between participation in specific sports and knee OA.   We completed a systematic literature search in September 2012 using 6 bibliographic databases (PubMed; Ovid MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid; American College of Physicians Journal Club; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Ovid HealthStar), manual searches (4 journals), and reference lists (56 articles).   Studies were included if they met the following 4 criteria: (1) an aim was to investigate an association between sport participation and knee OA; (2) the outcome measure was radiographic knee OA, clinical knee OA, total knee replacement, self-reported diagnosis of knee OA, or placement on a waiting list for a total knee replacement; (3) the study design was case control or cohort; and (4) the study was written in English. Articles were excluded if the study population had an underlying condition other than knee OA.   One investigator extracted data (eg, group descriptions, knee OA prevalence, source of nonexposed controls).   The overall knee-OA prevalence in sport participants (n = 3759) was 7.7%, compared with 7.3% among nonexposed controls (referent group n = 4730, odds ratio [OR] = 1.1). Specific sports with a significantly higher prevalence of knee OA were soccer (OR = 3.5), elite-level long-distance running (OR = 3.3), competitive weight lifting (OR = 6.9), and wrestling (OR = 3.8). Elite-sport (soccer or orienteering) and nonelite-sport (soccer or American football) participants without a history of knee injury had a greater prevalence of knee OA than nonexposed participants.   Participants in soccer (elite and nonelite), elite-level long-distance running, competitive weight lifting, and wrestling had an increased prevalence of knee OA and should be targeted for risk-reduction strategies.

Little is known about the influence of people's diet on their psychological well-being. This study provides evidence of a link between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and high well-being. In cross-sectional data, happiness and mental health rise in an approximately dose–response way with the number of daily portions of fruit and vegetables. Well-being peaks at approximately 7 portions per day. We document this relationship in three data sets, covering approximately 80,000 randomly selected British individuals, and for seven measures of well-being (life satisfaction, WEMWBS mental well-being, GHQ mental disorders, self-reported health, happiness, nervousness, and feeling low). The pattern is robust to adjustment for a large number of other demographic, social and economic variables. Reverse causality and problems of confounding remain possible. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our analysis, how government policy-makers might wish to react to it, and what kinds of further research—especially randomized trials—would be valuable.

Current research used comprehensive literature taken from 50 prominent research articles related to health journals, and the direct and indirect relationships of the retrieved independent attributes, such as food security, human lifestyle, social norms, eating habits, and food insecurity, were checked on the model’s dependent variable, health issues. Data was obtained from 1,125 respondents of the northern region of Punjab, India through a well-written questionnaire mirroring the extracted variables and their 28 supporting items on a 5-point Likert scale and demographics such as health perception, location, age, and qualification on a nominal scale. Robust estimation standards of PLS-SEM, such as discriminant validity through (Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio), outer and inner collinearity to check common method bias, reliability, effect size, consistency, control variable effect, relationship of nonlinearity, R2, and finally, tool fitness standards aided in the study model’s final verification and analysis (t and p values). This research has focused on studying the various scenarios of people’s eating lifestyles based on their location and has attempted to determine under what conditions its influence on people’s health is greatest. Also, research novelty and practical contributions focus on businesses, consumers, and governments in developing and developed countries to alter their current strategies with a focus on prioritizing health issues, quality food items, and long-term sustainable strategies. Plain language summary Purpose Current research used comprehensive literature taken from 50 prominent health-related articles from prominent journals to frame a health model for youngsters, whereby the influence of independent constructs, such as food security, human lifestyle, social norms, eating habits, and food insecurity, was checked on the model’s dependent variable, health issues. Design/methodology/approach Robust estimation standards of PLS-SEM, such as discriminant validity through (Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio), outer and inner collinearity to check common method bias, reliability, effect size, consistency, control variable effect, relationship of nonlinearity, R2, and finally, tool fitness standards aided in the study model’s final verification and analysis (t and p values). Findings The preceding data explicitly stated model sturdiness, with young consumer health concerns having a direct link with food insecurity (.686), food security (.075) and eating behavior (.178) and model attributes like human lifestyle (.257), social norms (.378), having a direct impact on eating behavior R2 (.341) along with an indirect or mediating influence on consumers’ health with a model final predicting the variance of R2 (.642). So it can be concluded that food insecurity should be addressed as a priority, followed by eating behavior, which is supported by features such as human lifestyle and social standards, and lastly, food security, in order to improve the living health circumstances of people across the world. Practical implications Given the fact that nearly 1 billion people are obese, which has resulted in several noncommunicable diseases affecting people’s liver, joints, hearts, reproductive systems, and kidneys, their predominance is anticipated to grow by the year 2025. As a result, businesses, consumers, and governments in developing and developed countries must alter their current strategies, focusing on prioritizing health issues for themselves as well as for their surroundings, and then idealizing factors in order to modify their working practices in order to minimize the hazardous effects of consumer health-related issues with quality food items and long-term sustainable strategies. Originality/value Previous researchers have tried to focus on individual attributes influencing consumer buying intent for food products, but current research tried to build a model using extensive literature extracted from 50 health-related articles from prominent journals and then analyzed the influence of the retrieved independent components, such as food security, human lifestyle, social norms, eating habits, and food insecurity, on the model’s dependent variable, health issues. Limitations India being is a diverse cultural country with a large population living in poverty, particularly in rural areas. Adopting developed-nation strategies will take time, so different approaches are required to understand their psychological mindsets and, eventually, improve their health conditions. Social Research highlights that food insecurity should be addressed as a priority, followed by eating behavior while emphasizing on human lifestyle and social standards to improve the living standards of youngsters with reflection of hedonic consumption for positive emotions, trust, and satisfaction.