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The color fastness to light of textile in the product standard is always tested by method 3 in GB/T 8427, which determines the endpoint of exposure according to the discoloration of the blue wool standard sample. The aging of the xenon lamp for exposure resulted in the different sun exposure times of blue wool references required for the same color fastness level. As a result, the difficulty of testing increased, and the test accuracy was also affected. In this paper, the relationship between the exposure time and the service time of xenon lamps was studied through real-time monitoring to accurately predict the endpoint of textile light fastness. The exposure time for color fastness class 3 curve according to the service time of xenon lamp was fitted as: y 1 =10.4785+6.39539E −5 x 1 +2.53603E −7 x 1 2 ; the exposure time of color fastness class 4 underexposure was fitted as: y 2 =38.17692-0.00131x 2 +2.78006E −6 x 2 2 -4.81015E −10 x 2 3 ; the color fastness to light of textiles wetted with artificial perspiration was y 3 =13.78014-5.53089E −4 x 3 +1.53274E −6 x 3 2 -2.92228E −10 x 3 3 +1.02685E −14 x 3 4 . The method is practical and effective, has practical value for the light fastness testing of textiles, and has important guiding significance for daily light fastness testing in the future.

Curcuma dye could never gain popularity in natural dyeing as the intrinsic nature of the colorant Curcumin did not have the requisite adhering property towards natural fabrics such as silk and cotton, thereby making it very fugitive. In this paper attempts have been made to activate Curcumin molecule by complexation with chitosan (another natural linear polysaccharide). The binding took place at intrinsic pH (7–8) very effectively without any surfactant or enzyme. Dyeing with this new composite showed excellent wash and light fastnesses as compared to curcuma dye. The novelty of this dyeing process is the remarkable enhancement of wash and light fastnesses levels by 1.0–1.5 for silk and cotton fabric dyeing in just 1 hour at 40–45 °C. It is fast and energy conserving dyeing process. Three subsequent washing of the dyed samples showed very small change in CIE Lab.

Carbon fibers (CFs) have attracted attention in the automotive, aviation, and aerospace industries. However, the coloration of CFs is challenging due to their brittleness, inertness, complexity, and time/energy-intensive processes. Herein, inspired by the naturally grown protrusive nanostructures on the green central surface of peacock back feathers, we report an in-situ self-growing strategy for developing carbon spheres (CSs) on the CFs surface to achieve color tuning. This is achieved via the dynamic growth of CSs using glucose as the feeding material. Combined with the coloration process, the interaction between CSs and CFs promotes stable interfacial forces in integrated molding. This strategy allows the coloring system to continuously vary its color in a designated manner, thereby, endowing it with satisfactory mechanical robustness, acid durability, and light fastness. We anticipate this developed approach can be potentially competitive in the color construction of CFs with multi-colors due to its low-cost manufacturing. Color construction of black carbon fibers is a challenge due to their stable physicochemical properties. Here, the authors demonstrate the tunable structural color of carbon fibers endowed by the dynamic growth of carbon spheres using glucose.

A number of azo pyrazole derivatives and novel Schiff bases derived from azo diamino pyrazole were synthesized. These included 4-(2-arylhydrazono)-4H-pyrazole-3,5-diamines and N3,N5-dibenzylidene-4-(2-arylhydrazono)-4H-pyrazole-3,5-diamines. The chemical structures of the novel azo dyes were determined using UV–visible, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Dyeing process and tautomerism of the aforementioned azo compounds were predicted using DFT calculations. The electronic absorption spectra in methanol were observed and compared to those computed using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). The dyeing performance of the produced disperse dyes was examined on polyester. The degree of exhaustion and the fastness properties of the dyed samples in terms of washing, perspiration, scorch, and light fastness were assessed. Moreover, the reflectance and color strength of the synthesized dyes were measured and discussed.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dyeing properties and behavior of the aqueous extract of Alnus glutinosa leaves when applied on cotton and wool fibers. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of the aqueous extract were calculated. The colorfastness of the dyed samples such as washing, acid and alkali perspiration, wet and dry fastness and light fastness was performed. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) which is a measurement of the protection offered by the dyed fabric substrates against ultraviolet radiation was also assessed. It was found that Alnus glutinosa aqueous extract shows exceptionally high antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. The dyed samples showed astonishingly high light fastness approaching the light fastness of synthetic dyes such as the vat dyes or metal complex dyes. The conferred protection of the dyed samples against the distractive ultraviolet radiation is exceptionally high as this is demonstrated by the high UPF measurements of the dyed samples.

This article investigates the evolving domain of hybrid pigments, which integrate both organic and inorganic constituents to yield novel color properties and enhanced performance. Beginning with an overview of their significance across industries, the study delves into various types of hybrid pigments, focusing on synthesis techniques and recent advancements. The study examines their utilization in paints, inks, plastics, and cosmetics, emphasizing their ability to meet industrial demands. Critical factors such as color stability, lightfastness, and environmental impact are evaluated, with a focus on sustainability metrics. The review encompasses diverse aspects including synthesis methods, color stability, applications across sectors, and environmental considerations of hybrid pigments.

This study investigates the potential of Prangos ferulacea , as a sustainable flavonoid-based natural dye source for textile dyeing, UV protection, and antioxidant finishing. It examines the influence of dyeing conditions, and various mordant types, and evaluates their respective impacts on color characteristics, mechanical properties, antioxidant and UV protection properties. Quantitative analysis reveals the distinct yellow hue achieved through the use of aerial parts extract of P. ferulacea extract, with hues ranging from 70° to 96°, producing warm tones. In general, different natural mordants, when combined with specific metal mordants, create color variations. However, in particular, combinations of iron and copper mordants provide the most intense colors. Comprehensive color fastness assessments highlight the good washing and light fastness of aerial parts extract with copper and iron biomordant combinations. FT-IR and SEM analysis of undyed and dyed wool yarns provided additional support to the current dyeing results of enhanced color shade and high color depth values. Furthermore, the two-step mordanting and subsequent dyeing process provide a sustainable way of enhancing the shade range on wool fiber with 75.0% (o.w.f.) P. ferulacea aerial parts extract without any significant damage (tensile strength) to the surface of the wool. Wool yarns dyed with P. ferulacea whole plant extract showed enhanced antioxidant and UV protection properties, potentially enhancing the sustainability of textile products such as medical textiles and UV-protective clothing which in turn reduces the need for synthetic chemical agents in textiles. P. ferulacea emerges as a promising natural colorant, offering attractive hues, antioxidant, and UV protection benefits for sustainable textile dyeing.

Traditional water-based dyeing of polyester textiles usually generates burdensome processes and a great deal of wastewater, which can no longer meet the green and sustainable developments in the textile dyeing industry. In the silicone waterless dyeing system, polyester textiles can be dyed with disperse dye without water. However, the dyeing performance of polyester textiles is influenced by the dispersant. In this study, the relationship between the properties of dispersants and disperse dyeing performance was studied. When the amount of dispersant NNO (2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid) was 1.2%, the exhaustion of disperse red 177 and the final K/S value of the dyed fabric improved to 94.18% and 14.73, respectively. However, the exhaustion of disperse red 177 was reduced from 90.73% to 82.61%, and the final K/S value of the dyed fabric was decreased from 14.77 to 14.01 when the dosage of MF (Naphthalenesulfonic acid) was 1.2%. Compared with different dyeing systems, the final uptake of disperse red 177 was 93.81% and 94.18% in traditional water-based and silicone waterless dyeing systems and the K/S value of the dyed fabric was almost the same. The washing and rubbing fastness (wet and dry) of the dyed fabric were found to be at a level of 4 or 4–5, and the light fastness of the dyed fabric was 3–4. If only the dispersant was added in the silicone waterless dyeing system, there was no leveling problems on dyed samples. Moreover, the maximum absorption wavelength of disperse red 177 was not changed after adding the dispersant. With an increasing amount of dispersant NNO, the solubility of the dye in the silicone solvent decreased, but it increased with an increasing amount of dispersant MF. In the relationship between dye exhaustion and dye solubility in a silicone waterless dyeing system, the exhaustion of dye was linearly and inversely proportional to the dye solubility. A dispersant with better hydrophilicity can decrease the solubility of the dye in dyeing media, and the dyeing performance of dye is better. Compared with previous studies, the exhaustion of dye was consistent with the ClogP value (hydrophobic constant) of the dyeing accelerant. Therefore, a dispersant with high hydrophilicity can reduce the solubility of dye and improve the exhaustion of disperse dye in a silicone waterless dyeing system. Moreover, the color fastness of the dyed fabric did not change before and after adding the dispersant.

The aim of this study is to determine which of the dye plants are suitable for dyeing PET fibers. Sources of natural dyes are defined, with which satisfactory coloration in red, yellow, and blue hues is achieved on PET fibers, in terms of both color yield and fastness values. A comparison of 30 different plant sources of dyes was carried out, and the obtained results confirmed turmeric as the best natural dye for achieving yellow coloring, madder for red coloring, indigo for blue coloring, henna for green and catechu for brown coloring on PET fibers. It can be said that washing and rubbing fastness values of dyed samples were fairly good. However, the problem in natural dyeing of PET is the low light fastness values. Beyond the dyeings in which the extracts obtained from the plants were used as dyeing liquor, dyes in powder form were produced from selected plants and single and combination dyeings were also carried out with dyes in powder form.

In this study, self–assembled iron (III)–tannic nanoparticles (Fe–TA NPs) were synthesized at room temperature using a simple, low–cost, and reproducible method. The interaction between Fe 3+ and TA, and the particle size of Fe–TA NPs with different mole ratios of ferric chloride and tannic acid were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The modified fabrics were fabricated by one–step depositing Fe–TA NPs onto the surface of natural indigo dyed polyester cotton blended fabrics using the exhaustion dyeing process. SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA were used to investigate the surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the modified fabrics. According to the results, indigo–dyed fabrics treated with Fe–TA NPs showed an excellent antibacterial activity against both gram–negative ( E. coli ) and gram–positive ( S. aureus ) bacteria, improving of thermal stability, light fastness acceptance, washing fastness, and color fastness to heat.