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When designing extended reality (XR) applications, it is important to consider multimodal interaction techniques, which employ several human senses simultaneously. Multimodal interaction can transform how people communicate remotely, practice for tasks, entertain themselves, process information visualizations, and make decisions based on the provided information. This scoping review summarized recent advances in multimodal interaction technologies for head-mounted display-based (HMD) XR systems. Our purpose was to provide a succinct, yet clear, insightful, and structured overview of emerging, underused multimodal technologies beyond standard video and audio for XR interaction, and to find research gaps. The review aimed to help XR practitioners to apply multimodal interaction techniques and interaction researchers to direct future efforts towards relevant issues on multimodal XR. We conclude with our perspective on promising research avenues for multimodal interaction technologies.

This paper describes some of the early events in the 50 year success of D11. That, and the Institut Laue Langevin are linked by an attitude that embraces both instrument renewal and new areas of science. The neutron sources proved to be reliable and serviceable, the neutron guides and guide hall have been a great benefit, and the user concept has led to a strengthening international community of diverse and good science and to new instruments clamouring for funding in a growing facility. Designs were perfected and the second wind (Deuxième Souffle) funded the outflow from which a second strong phase has evolved. Graphical Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has the advantages of being light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistant. At present, it is widely used in the lightweight design of automobile parts. The manufacturing of lightweight parts inevitably involves the connection between CFRP and the polymer material. The connection strength between CFRP and the polymer material significantly affects the service life of the composite parts. Taking CFRP and polyamide 6 (PA6) injection-molded composite parts as an example, this paper proposed a technological method to enhance the connection strength between CFRP and PA6. The proposed method was to fabricate micro-groove structures on the CFRP surface by compression molding. These micro-groove structures effectively increased the injection-molding area of the composite parts, thus enhancing the connection strength between CFRP and PA6. This paper presented a detailed study on the compression-molding process of micro-grooves on the CFRP surface, and successfully obtained the appropriate parameters. Finally, PA6 was used for injection molding on the CFRP with micro-grooves at an injection pressure of 8 MPa, an injection temperature of 240 °C, a holding pressure of 5 MPa, and a holding time of 2.5 s. The experimental results show that the micro-groove array structures on the CFRP surface could effectively improve the tensile strength of the connection interface in the composite parts. Compared with the composite part without micro-grooves, the tensile strength of the composite part with micro-grooves was increased by 80.93%. The composite parts prepared in this paper are mainly used in automobile interiors and the research results of this paper meet the actual needs of the enterprise.

Data Monitoring Committees (DMCs) have the important task to protect the safety of current and future patients during the conduct of a clinical study. Unfortunately, their work is often made difficult by voluminous DMC reports that are poorly structured and difficult to digest. In this article, we suggest improved solutions. Starting from a principled approach and building upon previous proposals, we offer concrete and easily understood displays, including related computer code. While leveraging modern tools, the most important is that these displays support the DMC’s workflow in answering the relevant questions of interest. We hope that the adoption of these proposals can ease the task of DMCs, and importantly, lead to better decision-making for the benefit of patients.

Breakthrough pressure of natural gas in rock is an important evaluation parameter in gas reservoir development. In this study, experimental measurements of porosity and permeability of the caprock core were carried out. A digital core model was obtained by body rendering of rock CT (Computed Tomography) slices using Avizo software. Then, the grid model was imported into Fluent software for a numerical simulation of natural gas breakthrough pressure in the core. The innovations of this paper include (1) an accurate calculation method of cap breakthrough pressure based on the VOF method; (2) the method performs a perceptual analysis of average pore radius, wettability, roughness height, and viscosity ratio.

Skin aging is a complex physiological process, in which cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) interreact, which leads to a change in the mechanical properties of skin, which in turn affects the cell secretion and ECM deposition. The natural skin microrelief that exists from birth has rarely been taken into account when evaluating skin aging, apart from the common knowledge that microreliefs might serve as the starting point or initialize micro-wrinkles. In fact, microrelief itself also changes with aging. Does the microrelief have other, better uses? In this paper, owing to the fast-developing 3D printing technology, skin wrinkles with microrelief of different age groups were successfully manufactured using the Digital light processing (DLP) technology. The mechanical properties of skin samples with and without microrelief were tested. It was found that microrelief has a big impact on the elastic modulus of skin samples. In order to explore the role of microrelief in skin aging, the wrinkle formation was numerically analyzed. The microrelief models of different age groups were created using the modified Voronoi algorithm for the first time, which offers fast and flexible mesh formation. We found that skin microrelief plays an important role in regulating the modulus of the epidermis, which is the dominant factor in wrinkle formation. The wrinkle length and depth were also analyzed numerically for the first time, owing to the additional dimension offered by microrelief. The results showed that wrinkles are mainly caused by the modulus change of the epidermis in the aging process, and compared with the dermis, the hypodermis is irrelevant to wrinkling. Hereby, we developed a hypothesis that microrelief makes the skin adaptive to the mechanical property changes from aging by adjusting its shape and size. The native-like skin samples with microrelief might shed a light on the mechanism of wrinkling and also help with understanding the complex physiological processes associated with human skin.

This study focuses on the energy absorption and wearer comfort attributes of regular lattice structures fabricated by laser powder bed fusion from two elastomeric materials, namely TPU1301 and TPE300, for use in personal protective equipment (PPE). This study compares Body-Centered Cubic (BCC), Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) and Kelvin (KE) lattice structures with density varying from 0.15 to 0.25 g/cm3, cell size varying from 10 to 14 mm and feature size varying from 1 to 3 mm. Quasi-static and dynamic compression testing confirmed that among the studied geometries, KE structures printed with TPE300 powders provide the best combination of reduced peak acceleration and increased compliance, thereby improving both safety and comfort. Using the protection–comfort maps built on the basis of this study enables the design of lightweight and compact protective structures. For example, if a safety layer protecting a 100 mm2 surface area can be manufactured from either TPE300 or TPU1100 powders using either KE or FCC structures, the KE TPE300 layer will be 1.5 times thinner and 2.5 times lighter than its FCC TPU1301 equivalent. The results of this study thus provide a basis for the optimization of lattice structures in 3D-printed PPE to meet both service and manufacturing requirements.

‘The truth is under attack’, I wrote earlier this decade (Levine, 2012). As the replication crisis became apparent, the alarm was timely. But now, a counter-attack is raging. In its arsenal are replications, open data, shared instruments, pre-registration of hypotheses and now – data visualizations.

This paper proposed the step angle controlling of the half-step mode operation of the variable reluctance stepper motor (VRSM) by using Mamdani type of fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The MATLAB program was used to achieve the approach. The VRSM that was used in this paper has six stator poles and four rotor poles. The VRSM has three phases that represent the input variables and the step angle represents the output variable in the FLC in MATLAB. Membership functions were created for the input and output variables. The rules of the FLC were built in MATLAB. The theoretical step angles results of the VRSM were obtained by using mathematically equation while the practical results were obtained by using MATLAB. The obtained results are closer to the actual results depending on the comparison between the theoretical and practical readings. These results were written in table and were plotted in figure.

The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is a bridge between hosts and printers, and is supported by more than 98 percent of printers today. In addition to supporting local use, the IPP protocol also supports online use. Although this can expand the scope of its application, it has also introduced potential risks to user data. IPP has security components that should be able to guarantee confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. In order to verify whether its security components can achieve this goal, this study modeled the 0-RTT authentication process of the IPP protocol based on Petri net theory and CPN Tools, introducing the improved Dolev–Yao adversary model to perform security evaluation on the protocol model. The result showed that the server could not resist the adversary’s replay attacks on early data. Accordingly, we proposed an improved authentication scheme that introduced a random number signature to enhance the server’s anti-replay capability. Using the same attack model to verify, the result proved that the new scheme was feasible and effective. The method used in this article could easily observe the movement of the security protocol message flow and the specific actions of each participant (including the adversary), which ensured researchers could easily locate the protocol defects and make improvements.