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"Linguistic minorities -- China"
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Language power and hierarchy : multilingual education in China
\"Shunning polemicism and fashioning a new agenda for a critically informed yet practically orientated approach, this book explores aspects of multilingual education in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Amongst other issues, it also looks at the challenges associated with bilingual and trilingual education in Xinjiang and Tibet as well as the mediation between religion and culture in multi-ethnic schools, covering these issues from a range of perspectives - Korean, Uyghur, Tibetan, Mongolian and Yi. The PRC promotes itself as a harmonious, stable multicultural mosaic, with over 50 distinct ethnic groups striving for common prosperity. Beneath this rhetoric, there is also inter-ethnic discord, with scenes of ethnic violence in Lhasa and Urumqi over the last few years. China has a complex system of multilingual education - with dual-pathway curricula, bilingual and trilingual instruction, specialised ethnic schools. This education system is a lynchpin in the Communist party state's efforts to keep a lid on simmering tensions and transform a rhetoric of harmony into a critical pluralistic harmonious multiculturalism. This book examines this supposed lynchpin\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Minority languages, education and communities in China
The book outlines the evolution and role of minority languages locally and nationally; it investigates current educational language policies in minority areas; and it assesses the social and economic outcomes of language change for communities in contemporary China.
eBook
China's Assimilationist Language Policy
China has huge ethnic minorities - over 40 different groups with a total population of over 100 million. Over time China's policies towards minority languages have varied, changing from policies which have accommodated minority languages to policies which have encouraged integration. At present integrationist policies predominate, notably in the education system, where instruction in minority languages is being edged out in favour of instruction in Mandarin Chinese. This book assesses the current state of indigenous and minority language policy in China. It considers especially language policy in the education system, including in higher education, and provides detailed case studies of how particular ethnic minorities are being affected by the integrationist, or assimilationist, approach.
eBook
Multilingualism in China : the politics of writing reforms for minority languages 1949-2002
Minglang Zhou's highly erudite and well-researched volume on the policies concerning writing reforms for China's minorities since 1949 provides an original and well-reasoned summary of a complex process.
eBook
The Study of Minority Languages in China
The study of minority languages in the People's Republic of China, in the form of governmental organized research since the 1950s, has resulted in the recent publication of over fifty descriptive grammars. Some practical purposes of the study were the identification of ethnicity and orthographic design and reform. In the past, political interventions were detrimental. The current research organizations and their major tasks are introduced.
Journal Article
Implicit language policy in ethnic minority migrant community in urban China: a study of the linguistic landscape of “Little Lhasa”
A key focus of linguistic landscape research is the interaction among local language policies, the visibility of minority languages on public signage, and the perceptions of residents regarding language use. In China, ongoing urbanization and eased household registration requirements have precipitated an influx of ethnic minority migrants from autonomous regions to urban locales. This migration raises crucial questions about the integration and acceptance of ethnic minority migrants within the sociolinguistic fabric of urban China. Combining a linguistic landscape analysis and interviews with public sign owners, this study examines attitudes towards Tibetan language and Tibetan migrants in “Little Lhasa” in Chengdu, a major city in western China. Our findings reveal that various social actors, including Han residents, the Neighbourhood Committee, and the municipal authorities, prudently leverage the semiotic potentials of the Tibetan script in crafting public signs. The visibility of Tibetan in the local linguistic landscape reflects ideologies of acceptance, hesitation, or concern regarding Tibetan migrants. Although Tibetan migrants have conceded aspects of their language use in exchange for integration into urban life, they have not yet gained wider community acceptance. This study offers an innovative linguistic landscape lens on the implicit language policy in an ethnic minority migrant community in urban China. It illuminates a reflective case where language planning is much needed for mitigating bias and misunderstanding in multi-ethnic communities.
Journal Article
Putonghua as “admission ticket” to linguistic market in minority regions in China
This article reports on a multiple-case study that investigates the impact of the promotion of Putonghua on individuals’ social interactions and language identities in multilingual minority regions in China. Drawing on the theory of linguistic market, the study focuses on what mediates individuals’ access to the linguistic market. The 24 participants, from multilingual minority regions of Xinjiang, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia in China, had different linguistic repertoires (monolingual vs. bilingual), and lived in different sociolinguistic contexts where Putonghua or minority language dominates. Data were collected through prolonged, semi-structured interviews and workplace observations. The analysis of data revealed the complex interrelations between people’s language competence as linguistic capital, their exchange of and investment in such capital, and the formation and transformation of their identities. The study also uncovers the role of Putonghua as a high-status language in providing or prohibiting access of other linguistic capitals to the linguistic market, depending on the individual’s competence in Putonghua. In other words, competence in Putonghua serves as the “admission ticket” to the linguistic market, without which the linguistic capitals from other languages cannot be allowed in and exchanged. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to seriously reconsider the statuses of minority languages since Putonghua serves a managing role in the linguistic market.
Journal Article
Ethnic Diversity, Trust and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Effects of Marketization and Language
While the effect of culture on finance and management has been well documented in the literature, it is unclear whether and by which channel(s) ethnic diversity affects corporate social responsibility (CSR). Integrating social identity theory and neo-institutional theory, we investigate the ethnic diversity–CSR relation and explore potential mechanisms and boundary conditions. Based on the distribution of ethnic groups across different regions in China, We find that ethnic diversity negatively affects firms’ CSR performance. We document that social trust mediates the negative ethnic diversity–CSR relationship, and linguistic diversity strengthens and marketization mitigates this relation. The results are robust for potential endogeneity and alternative measures of ethnic diversity and CSR performance. Our study highlights the impact of ethnic diversity on corporate behaviors, and provides practical and ethical implications on CSR promotion.
Journal Article
The Politics of Language Oppression in Tibet
In The Politics of Language
Oppression in Tibet , Gerald Roche sheds
light on a global crisis of linguistic diversity that will see at
least half of the world's languages disappear this
century.
Roche explores the erosion of linguistic diversity through a
study of a community on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau in the
People's Republic of China. Manegacha is but one of the sixty
minority languages in Tibet and is spoken by about 8,000 people who
are otherwise mostly indistinguishable from the Tibetan communities
surrounding them. Recently, many in these communities have switched
to speaking Tibetan, and Manegacha faces an uncertain future.
The author uses the Manegacha case to show how linguistic
diversity across Tibet is collapsing under assimilatory state
policies. He looks at how global advocacy networks inadequately
acknowledge this issue, highlighting the complex politics of
language in an inter-connected world. The Politics of Language
Oppression in Tibet broadens our understanding of Tibet and
China, the crisis of global linguistic diversity, and the radical
changes needed to address this crisis.
eBook
Multilingualism and policy making in Greater China: ideological and implementational spaces
In this opening commentary, we draw on Ruiz’s (NABE J 8:15–34,
1984
) metaphorical representations of language to outline the ideological and implementational spaces for language policy making in Greater China. In particular, we highlight how the ‘resource’ orientation allows different stakeholders to negotiate the development of language policies that may help preserve linguistic diversity within a tradition of seeing linguistic unity as foundational to national unity. To illustrate this, we present an analysis of media texts on a major language policy initiative in mainland China and examine relevant discussions in other Chinese contexts. We contend that this ‘resource’ orientation has a significant role in defining the implementational space for language policy making in Greater China, despite the critique that may be levelled at it.
Journal Article